1. Cederholm T., Barazzoni R., Austin P., Ballmer P., Biolo G., Bischoff S.C., Compher C., Correia I., Higashiguchi T., Holst M., Jensen G.L., Malone A., Muscaritoli M., Nyulasi, Pirlich M., Rothenberg E., Schindler K., Schneider S.M., de van der Schueren M.A., Sieber C., Valentini L., Yu J.C., Van Gossum A., Singer P. ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clin Nutr. 2017 Feb; 36(1): 49 - 64.

2. Agarwal E., Miller M., Yaxley A., Isenring E. Malnutrition in the elderly: a narrative review. Maturitas 2013; 76(4): 296e302

3. Volkert D., Beck A.M., Cederholm T., Cruz-Jentoft A., Goisser S., Hooper L., Kiesswetter E., Maggio M., Raynaud-Simon A., Sieber C.C., Sobotka L., van Asselt D., Wirth R., Bischoff S.C. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. ClinNutr. 2018 18. pii: S0261-5614(18)30210-3.

4. Гериатрия: национальное руководство/под ред. О.Н. Ткачевой, Е.В. Фроловой, Н.Н. Яхно. - М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2018. - 608 с.: ил. - (Серия "Национальные руководства").

5. Руководство по клиническому питанию/под редакцией профессора Луфта В.М. СПБ., "Арт-Экспресс", 2016. - 484 с., с илл.

6. Tkacheva O.N., Runikhina N.K., Ostapenko V.S., et al. Prevalence of geriatric syndromes among people aged 65 years and older at four community clinics in Moscow. Clin Interv Aging. 2018; 13: 251 - 259.

7. Gurina N.A., Frolova E.V., Degryse J.M. A roadmap of aging in Russia: the prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older adults in the St Petersburg district - the "Crystal" study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011; 59(6): 980-988231.

8. Rabito E.I., Marcadenti A., da Silva Fink J., Figueira L., Silva F.M. Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, Malnutrition Screening Tool, and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool Are Good Predictors of Nutrition Risk in an Emergency Service. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017; 32(4): 526 - 532.

9. Donini L.M., Poggiogalle E., Molfino A., Rosano A., Lenzi A., Rossi Fanelli F., Muscaritoli M. Mini-Nutritional Assessment, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, and Nutrition Risk Screening Tool for the Nutritional Evaluation of Older Nursing Home Residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 Oct 1; 17(10): 959. e11-8.

10. Sremanakova J., Burden S., Kama Y., Gittins M., Lal S., Smith C.J., Hamdy S. An Observational Cohort Study Investigating Risk of Malnutrition Using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool in Patients with Stroke. Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019 Dec; 28(12): 104405.

11. Vellas B., Guigoz Y., Garry P.J., Nourhashemi F., Bennahum D., Lauque S., Albarede J.L. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and its use in grading the nutritional state of elderly patients. Nutrition. 1999 Feb; 15(2): 116-22.

12. Abd Aziz N.A.S., Teng N.I.M.F., Abdul Hamid M.R., Ismail N.H. Assessing the nutritional status of hospitalized elderly. Clin Interv Aging. 2017 Oct 4; 12: 1615 - 1625.

13. Cereda E. Mini nutritional assessment. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012 Jan; 15(1): 29 - 41.

14. Guyonnet S., Rolland Y. Screening for Malnutrition in Older People. Clin Geriatr Med. 2015 Aug; 31(3): 429-37.

15. , Maseda A, de Labra C, Regueiro-Folgueira L, , Nutritional determinants of frailty in older adults: A systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2017 May 15; 17(1): 108.

16. Guigoz Y., Lauque S., Vellas B.J. Identifying the elderly at risk for malnutrition. The Mini Nutritional Assessment. Clin Geriatr Med. 2002 Nov; 18(4): 737-57.

17. Ye X.J., Ji Y.B., Ma B.W., Huang D.D., Chen W.Z., Pan Z.Y., Shen X., Zhuang C.L., Yu Z. Comparison of three common nutritional screening tools with the new European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) criteria for malnutrition among patients with geriatric gastrointestinal cancer: a prospective study in China. BMJ Open. 2018 Apr 12; 8(4): e019750. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019750.

18. Koren-Hakim T., Weiss A., Hershkovitz A., Otzrateni I., Anbar R., Gross Nevo R.F., Schlesinger A., Frishman S., Salai M., Beloosesky Y. Comparing the adequacy of the MNA-SF, NRS-2002 and MUST nutritional tools in assessing malnutrition in hip fracture operated elderly patients. Clin Nutr. 2016 Oct; 35(5): 1053-8.

19. Cederholm T., Bosaeus I., Barazzoni R., Bauer J., Van Gossum A., Klek S., et al. Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition: an ESPEN consensus statement. Clin Nutr 2015; 34: 335e40.

20. Cederholm T., G.L. Jensen, M.I.T.D. Correia, M.C. Gonzale, R. Fukushima, T. Higashiguchi, G. Baptista, R. Barazzoni, R. Blaauw, A. Coats, A. Crivelli, D.C. Evans, L. Gramlich, V. Fuchs-Tarlovsky, H. Keller, L. Llido, A. Malone, K.M. Mogensen, J.E. Morley, M. Muscaritoli, I. Nyulasi, M. Pirlich, V. Pisprasert, M.A.E. de van der Schueren, S. Siltharm, P. Singer, K. Tappenden, N. Velasco ag, D. Waitzberg, P. Yamwong, J. Yu, A. Van Gossum, C. Compher al, 2, GLIM Core Leadership Committee, GLIM Working Group. GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition - A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Clinical Nutrition 2019; 38: 1e9.

21. Zhang Z., Pereira S.L., Luo M., Matheson E.M. Evaluation of Blood Biomarkers Associated with Risk of Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2017; 9(8). pii: E829.

22. Li S., Zhang J., Zheng H., Wang X., Liu Z., Sun T. Prognostic Role of Serum Albumin, Total Lymphocyte Count, and Mini Nutritional Assessment on Outcomes After Geriatric Hip Fracture Surgery: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. J Arthroplasty. 2019 Jun; 34(6): 1287 - 1296.

23. Cabrerizo S., Cuadras D., Gomez-Busto F., Artaza-Artabe I., , Malafarina V. Serum albumin and health in older people: Review and meta analysis Maturitas. 2015 May; 81(1): 17 - 27.

24. Rufenacht U., Ruhlin M., Wegmann M., Imoberdorf R., Ballmer P.E. Nutritional counseling improves quality of life and nutrient intake in hospitalized undernourished patients. Nutrition 2010; 26(1): 53 - 60.

25. Starke J., Schneider H., Alteheld B., Stehle P., Meier R. Short-term individual nutritional care as part of routine clinical setting improves outcome and quality of life in malnourished medical patients. Clin Nutr 2011; 30(2): 194 - 201.

26. Ha L., Hauge T., Spenning A.B., Iversen P.O. Individual, nutritional support prevents undernutrition, increases muscle strength and improves QoL among elderly at nutritional risk hospitalized for acute stroke: a randomized, controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2010; 29(5): 567-73.

27. Duncan D.G., Beck S.J., Hood K., Johansen A. Using dietetic assistants to improve the outcome of hip fracture: a randomised controlled trial of nutritional support in an acute trauma ward. Age Ageing 2005; 35(2): 148-53.

28. Feldblum I., German L., Castel H., Harman-Boehm I., Shahar D.R. Individualized nutritional intervention during and after hospitalization: the nutrition intervention study clinical trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59(1): 10-7.

29. Alix E., Berrut G., Bore M., Bouthier-Quintard F., Buia J.M., Chlala A., et al. Energy requirements in hospitalized elderly people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007; 55(7): 1085-9.

30. , Achamrah N., Grigioni S., Charles J., Rimbert A., Folope V., Petit A., , Validity of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure according to the body mass index in a population of 1726 patients followed in a Nutrition Unit. Clin Nutr. 2015 Jun; 34(3): 529-35. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.06.009.

31. Gaillard C., Alix E., Salle A., Berrut G., Ritz P. A practical approach to estimate resting energy expenditure in frail elderly people. J Nutr Health Aging 2008; 12(4): 277-80.

32. Gaillard C., Alix E., Salle A., Berrut G., Ritz P. Energy requirements in frail elderly people: a review of the literature. Clin Nutr 2007; 26(1): 16 - 24.

33. Lammes E., Akner G. Resting metabolic rate in elderly nursing home patients with multiple diagnoses. J Nutr Health Aging 2006; 10(4): 263-70.

34. Luhrmann P., Neuhauser-Berthold M. Are the equations published in literature for predicting resting metabolic rate accurate for use in the elderly? J Nutr Health Aging 2004; 8(3): 144-9.

35. Oreopoulos A., Kalantar Zadeh K., Sharma A., Fonarow G. The obesity paradox in the elderly: potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Clin Geriatr Med. 2009; 25: 643 - 659.

36. Jensen M.D., Ryan D.H., Apovian C.M., Ard J.D., Comuzzie A.G., Donato K.A., et al. A report of American College of cardiology/American Heart association Task Force. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. Circulation 2014; 129 (25 Suppl 2): S139-40.

37. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for protein (updated 2015). EFSA J 2012; 10(2): 2557.

38. Bauer J., Biolo G., Cederholm T., Cesari M., Cruz-Jentoft A.J., Morley J.E., et al. Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14(8): 542-59.

39. Park Y., Choi J.E., Hwang H.S. Protein supplementation improves muscle mass and physical performance in undernourished prefrail and frail elderly subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Nov 1; 108(5): 1026 - 1033.

40. Deutz N.E., Bauer J.M., Barazzoni R., Biolo G., Boirie Y., Bosy-Westphal A., et al. Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group. Clin Nutr 2014; 33(6): 929-36.

41. Milne A.C., Potter J., Avenell A. Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002; (3), CD003288.

42. Bally M.R., Yildirim P.Z.B., Bounoure L., Gloy V.L., Mueller B., Briel M., et al. Nutritional support and outcomes in malnourished medical inpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Interl Med 2016; 176(1): 43 - 53.

43. Gomes F., Baumgartner A., Bounoure L., Bally M., Deutz N.E., Greenwald J.L., Stanga Z., Mueller B., Schuetz P. Association of Nutritional Support With Clinical Outcomes Among Medical Inpatients Who Are Malnourished or at Nutritional Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Nov 1; 2(11): e1915138.

44. Beck A.M., Holst M., Rasmussen H.H. Oral nutritional support of older (65 years+) medical and surgical patients after discharge from hospital: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rehabil 2013; 27(1): 19 - 27.

45. Stratton R.J., Hebuterne X., Elia M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of oral nutritional supplements on hospital readmissions. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12(4): 884-97.

46. Cawood A.L., Elia M., Stratton R.J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of high protein oral nutritional supplements. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11(2): 278-96.

47. Parsons E.L., Stratton R.J., Cawood A.L., Smith T.R., Elia M. Oral nutritional supplements in a randomised trial are more effective than dietary advice at improving quality of life in malnourished care home residents. Clin Nutr 2017; 36(1): 134-42.

48. McMurdo M.E., Price R.J., Shields M., Potter J., Stott D.J. Should oral nutritional supplementation be given to undernourished older people upon hospital discharge? A controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009; 57(12): 2239-45.

49. Woo J., Ho S., Mak Y., Law L, Cheung A. Nutritional status of elderly patients during recovery from chest infection and the role of nutritional supplementation assessed by a prospective randomized single-blind trial. Age Ageing 1994; 23(1): 40-8.

50. Persson M., Hytter-Landahl ., Brismar K., Cederholm T. Nutritional supplementation and dietary advice in geriatric patients at risk of malnutrition. Clin Nutr 2007; 26(2): 216-24.

51. Neelemaat F., Bosmans J.E., Thijs A., Seidell J.C. Oral nutritional support in malnourished elderly decreases functional limitations with no extra costs. Clin Nutr 2012; 31(2): 183-90.

52. Neelemaat F., Bosmans J.E., Thijs A., Seidell J.C. Post-discharge nutritional support in malnourished elderly individuals improves functional limitations. JAmMedDirAssoc 2011; 12(4): 295 - 301.

53. Cawood A.L., Elia M., Stratton R.J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of high protein oral nutritional supplements. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11(2): 278-9.

54. Milne A.C., Potter J., Avenell A. Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; (2), CD003288.

55. Milne A.C., Potter J., Vivanti A., Avenell A. Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; (2), CD003288.

56. Hubbard G.P., Elia M., Holdoway A., Stratton R.J. A systematic review of compliance to oral nutritional supplements. Clin Nutr 2012; 31(3): 293 - 312.

57. Zarling E.J., Edison T., Berger S., Leya J., DeMeo M. Effect of dietary oat and soy fiber on bowel function and clinical tolerance in a tube feeding dependent population. J Am Coll Nutr 1994; 13(6): 565-8.

58. Shankardass K., Chuchmach S., Chelswick K., Stefanovich C., Spurr S., Brooks J., et al. Bowel function of long-term tube-fed patients consuming formulae with and without dietary fiber. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1990; 14(5): 508-12.

59. Homann H.H., Kemen M., Fuessenich C., Senkal M., Zumtobel V. Reduction in diarrhea incidence by soluble fiber in patients receiving total or supplemental enteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1994; 18(6): 486-90.

60. Grant L.P., Wanger L.I., Neill K.M. Fiber-fortified feedings in immobile patients. Clin Nurs Res 1994; 3(2): 166-72.

61. Nakao M., Ogura Y., Satake S., Ito I., Iguchi A., Takagi K., et al. Usefulness of soluble dietary fiber for the treatment of diarrhea during enteral nutrition in elderly patients. Nutrition 2002; 18(1): 35-9.

62. Bass D.J., Forman L.P., Abrams S.E., Hsueh A.M. The effect of dietary fiber in tube-fed elderly patients. J Gerontol Nurs 1996; 22(10): 37 - 44.

63. Jakobsen L., Wirth R., Smoliner C., Klebach M., Hofman Z., Kondrup J. Gastrointestinal tolerance and plasma status of carotenoids, EPA and DHA with a fiber-enriched tube feed in hospitalized patients initiated on tube nutrition: randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2017; 36(2): 380-8.

64. Loser C., Wolters S., Folsch U. Enteral long-term nutrition via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in 210 patients a four-year prospective study. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43(11): 2549-57.

65. Klose J., Heldwein W., Rafferzeder M., Sernetz F., Gross M., Loeschke K. Nutritional status and quality of life in patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in practice: prospective one-year follow-up. Dig Dis Sci 2003; 48(10): 2057-63.

66. Donini L.M., Savina C., Ricciardi L.M., Coletti C., Paolini M., Scavone L., et al. Predicting the outcome of artificial nutrition by clinical and functional indices. Nutrition 2009; 25(1): 11-9.

67. Mitchell S.L., Tetroe J.M. Survival after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement in older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000; 55(12): M735-9.

68. Sanders D.S., Carter M., D'silva J., James G., Bolton R., Bardhan K. Survival analysis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding: a worse outcome in patients with dementia. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95(6): 1472-5.

69. Rimon E., Kagansky N., Levy S. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; evidence of different prognosis in various patient subgroups. Age Ageing 2005; 34(4): 353-7.

70. Wirth R., Voss C., Smoliner C., Sieber C.C., Bauer J.M., Volkert D. Complications and mortality after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in geriatrics: a prospective multicenter observational trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2012; 13(3): 228-33.

71. Abitbol V., Selinger-Leneman H., Gallais Y., Piette F., Bouchon J.-P., Piera J.-B., et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in elderly patients. Gastro-enterol Clin Biol 2002; 26: 448-53.

72. Vetta F., Gianni W., Ronzoni S., Donini L., Palleschi L., Peppe T., et al. Role of aging in malnutrition and in restitution of nutritional parameters by tube feeding. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1996; 22: 599 - 604.

73. Volkert D., Pauly L., Stehle P., Sieber C.C. Prevalence of malnutrition in orally and tube-fed elderly nursing home residents in Germany and its relation to health complaints and dietary intake. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2011; 2011: 247315.

74. Dennis M.S., Lewis S.C., Warlow C., FOOD Trial Collaboration. Effect of timing and method of enteral tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patients (FOOD): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 365(9461): 764-72.

75. Chong V., Vu C. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy outcomes: can patient profiles predict mortality and weaning? Singap Med J 2006; 47(5): 383-7.

76. 109. Anderson M.R., O"Connor M., Mayer P., O"Mahony D., Woodward J., Kane K. The nasal loop provides an alternative to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in high-risk dysphagic stroke patients. Clin Nutr 2004; 23(4): 501-6.

77. Beavan J.R., Conroy S., Leonardi-Bee J., Bowling T., Gaynor C., Gladman J., et al. Is looped nasogastric tube feeding more effective than conventional nasogastric tube feeding for dysphagia in acute stroke? Trials 2007; 8(1): 19.

78. Beavan J., Conroy S.P., Harwood R., Gladman J.R., Leonardi-Bee J., Sach T., et al. Does looped nasogastric tube feeding improve nutritional delivery for patients with dysphagia after acute stroke? A randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing 2010; 39(5): 624-30.

79. Light V.L., Slezak F.A., Porter J.A., Gerson L.W., McCord G. Predictive factors for early mortality after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Gastrointest Endosc 1995; 42(4): 330-5.

80. Rimon E., Kagansky N., Levy S. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; evidence of different prognosis in various patient subgroups. Age Ageing 2005; 34(4): 353-7.

81. Nair S., Hertan H., Pitchumoni C. Hypoalbuminemia is a poor predictor of survival after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in elderly patients with dementia. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95(1): 133-6.

82. Palecek E.J., Teno J.M., Casarett D.J., Hanson L.C., Rhodes R.L., Mitchell S.L. Comfort feeding only: a proposal to bring clarity to decision-making regarding difficulty with eating for persons with advanced dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010; 58(3): 580-4.

83. Druml C., Ballmer P.E., Druml W., Oehmichen F., Shenkin A., Singer P., et al. ESPEN guideline on ethical aspects of artificial nutrition and hydration. Clin Nutr 2016; 35(3): 545-56.

84. Wirth R., Smoliner C., , Warnecke T., Leischker A.H., Dziewas R. Guideline clinical nutrition in patients with stroke. Exp Transl Stroke Med 2013; 5(1): 14.

85. Burgos R., Breton I., Cereda E., Desport J.C., Dziewas R., Genton L., et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in neurology. Clin Nutr 2017; 37(1): 354e96.

86. Leibovitz A., Plotnikov G., Habot B., Rosenberg M., Segal R. Pathogenic colonization of oral flora in frail elderly patients fed by nasogastric tube or percutaneous enterogastric tube. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003; 58(1): M52.

87. Парентеральное и энтеральное питание: национальное руководство/под ред. М.Ш. Хубутия, Т.С. Поповой, А.И. Салтанова. - М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2015. - 800 с. ISBN 978-5-9704-3387-4.

88. Cano N.J.M., Aparicio M., Brunori G., Carrero J.J., Cianciaruso B., Fiaccadori E., et al. ESPEN Guidelines for adult parenteral nutrition. Clinical Nutrition 2009; 28: 359 - 479.

89. Friedli N., Stanga Z., Sobotka L., Culkin A., Kondrup J., Laviano A., et al. Revisiting the refeeding syndrome: results of a systematic review. Nutrition 2017; 35: 151-60.

90. Kagansky N., Levy S., Koren-Morag N., Berger D., Knobler H. Hypo-phosphataemia in old patients is associated with the refeeding syndrome and reduced survival. J Intern Med 2005; 257(5): 461-8.

91. Lubart E., Leibovitz A., Dror Y., Katz E., Segal R. Mortality after nasogastric tube feeding initiation in long-term care elderly with oropharyngeal dysphagiaethe contribution of refeeding syndrome. Gerontology 2009; 55(4): 393-7.

92. National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care (UK). Nutrition Support for Adults: Oral Nutrition Support, Enteral Tube Feeding and Parenteral Nutrition. London. 2006. Available at: www.rcseng.ac.uk. [Accessed on 16th May 2017].

93. Pourhassan M., Cuvelier I., Gehrke I., Marburger C., Modreker M., Volkert D., et al. Prevalence of risk factors for the refeeding syndrome in older hospitalized patients. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22(3): 321-7.

94. Pourhassan M., Cuvelier I., Gehrke I., Marburger C., Modreker M.K., Volkert D., et al. Risk factors of refeeding syndrome in malnourished older hospitalized patients. Clin Nutr 2018; 37(4): 1354-9.

95. Kortebein P., Ferrando A., Lombeida J., Wolfe R., Evans W.J. Effect of 10 days of bed rest on skeletal muscle in healthy older adults. JAMA 2007; 297(16): 1769-74.

96. Li P.J., Cheng H.S., Liang J., Wu C.C., Shyu YIL. Functional recovery of older people with hip fracture: does malnutrition make a difference? J Adv Nurs 2013; 69(8): 1691-703.

97. Gumieiro D.N., Rafacho B.P., A.F., Tanni S.E., Azevedo P.S., Sakane D.T., et al. Mini Nutritional Assessment predicts gait status and mortality 6 months after hip fracture. Br J Nutr 2013; 109(9): 1657-61.

98. Avenell A., Smith T.O., Curtain J.P., Mak J.C., Myint P.K. Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 11: CD001880.

99. Stenval lM., Olofsson B., Nyberg L., Lundstrom M., Gustafson Y. Improved performance in activities of daily living and mobility after a multidisciplinary postoperative rehabilitation in older people with femoral neck fracture: a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. J Rehabil Med 2007; 39(3): 232-8.

100. Olofsson B., Stenvall M., Lundstrom M., Svensson O., Gustafson Y. Malnutritionin hip fracture patients: an intervention study. J Clin Nurs 2007; 16(11): 2027-38.

101. , Olofsson B., Stenvall M., Karlsson S., Nyberg L., Englund U., et al. Postoperative delirium in old patients with femoral neck fracture: a randomized intervention study. AgingClinExpRes 2007; 19(3): 178-86.

102. Shyu Y.-IL., Liang J., Tseng M.-Y., Li H.-J., Wu C.-C., Cheng H.-S., et al. Comprehensive and subacute care interventions improve health-related quality of life for older patients after surgery for hip fracture: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2013; 50(8): 1013-24.

103. Liu H.-Y., Tseng M.-Y., Li H.-J., Wu C.-C., Cheng H.-S., Yang C.-T., et al. Comprehensive care improves physical recovery of hip-fractured elderly Taiwanese patients with poor nutritional status. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15(6): 416-22.

104. Tseng M.-Y., Liang J., Shyu Y.-IL., Wu C.-C., Cheng H.-S., Chen C.-Y., et al. Effects of interventions on trajectories of health-related quality of life among older patients with hip fracture: a prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17(1): 114.

105. Shyu Y.-IL., Liang J., Tseng M.-Y., Li H.-J., Wu C.-C., Cheng H.-S., et al. Enhanced interdisciplinary care improves self-care ability and decreases emergency department visits for older Taiwanese patients over 2 years after hip-fracture surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2016; 56: 54 - 62.

106. Clegg A., Siddiqi N., Heaven A., Young J., Holt R. Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long-term care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; (1), CD009537.

107. Abraha I., Trotta F., Rimland J.M., Cruz-Jentoft A., Lozano-Montoya I., Soiza R.L., et al. Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent and treat delirium in older patients: a systematic overview. The SENATOR project ONTOP series. PLoS One 2015; 10(6), e0123090.

108. Siddiqi N., Harrison J.K., Clegg A., Teale E.A., Young J., Taylor J., et al. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016, CD005563.

109. Pendlebury S., Lovett N., Smith S., Dutta N., Bendon C., Lloyd-Lavery A., et al. Observational, longitudinal study of delirium in consecutive unselected acute medical admissions: age-specific rates and associated factors, mortality and re-admission. BMJopen 2015; 5(11), e007808.

110. Velez-Diaz-Pallares M., Lozano-Montoya I., Abraha I., Cherubini A., Soiza R.L., O"Mahony D., et al. Nonpharmacologic interventions to heal pressure ulcers in older patients: an overview of systematic reviews (the SENATOR-ONTOP series). JAmMedDirAssoc 2015; 16(6): 448-69.

111. Stratton R.J., Ek A.C., Engfer M., Moore Z., Rigby P., Wolfe R., et al. Enteral nutritional support in prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AgeingResRev 2005; 4(3): 422-50.

112. Langer G., Fink A. Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers. Cochrane Data base Syst Rev 2014; (6), CD003216.

113. Lozano-Montoya I., Velez-Diaz-Pallares M., Abraha I., Cherubini A., Soiza R.L., O"Mahony D., et al. Nonpharmacologic interventions to prevent pressure ulcers in older patients: an overview of systematic reviews (the software ENgine for the assessment and optimization of drug and non-drug therapy in older peRsons [SENATOR] definition of optimal evidence-based non-drug therapies in older people [ONTOP] series). JAmMedDirAssoc 2016; 17(4). 370. e1-10.

114. Cereda E., Klersy C., Serioli M., Crespi A., D"Andrea F. A nutritional formula enriched with arginine, zinc, and antioxidants for the healing of pressure ulcers: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2015; 162(3): 167-74.

115. Stratton R.J., Ek A.C., Engfer M., Moore Z., Rigby P., Wolfe R., et al. Enteral nutritional support in prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2005; 4(3): 422-50.

116. Steele C.M., Alsanei W.A., Ayanikalath S., Barbon C.E., Chen J., Cichero J.A., Coutts K., Dantas R.O., Duivestein J., Giosa L., Hanson B., Lam P., Lecko C., Leigh C., Nagy A., Namasivayam A.M., Nascimento W.V., Odendaal I., Smith C.H., Wang H. The influence of food texture and liquid consistency modification on swallowing physiology and function: a systematic review. Dysphagia. 2015 Feb; 30(1): 2 - 26.

117. Flynn E., Smith C.H., Walsh C.D., Walshe M. Modifying the consistency of food and fluids for swallowing difficulties in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 24; 9: CD011077.

118. Cichero J.A., Lam P., Steele C.M., Hanson B., Chen J., Dantas R.O., Duivestein J., Kayashita J., Lecko C., Murray J., Pillay M., Riquelme L., Stanschus S. Development of International Terminology and Definitions for Texture-Modified Foods and Thickened Fluids Used in Dysphagia Management: The IDDSI Framework. Dysphagia. 2017 Apr; 32(2): 293 - 314.

119. Su M., Zheng G., Chen Y., Xie H., Han W., Yang Q., Sun J., Lv Z., Chen J. Clinical applications of IDDSI framework for texture recommendation for dysphagia patients. J Texture Stud. 2018 Feb; 49(1): 2 - 10.

120. O"Keeffe S.T. Use of modified diets to prevent aspiration in oropharyngeal dysphagia: is current practice justified? BMC Geriatr. 2018 Jul 20; 18(1): 167.

121. Farneti D., Consolmagno P. The Swallowing Centre: rationale for a multidisciplinary management. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2007 Aug; 27(4): 200-7.

122. Yan Zha, Qi Qian. Protein Nutrition and Malnutrition in CKD and ESRD. Nutrients. 2017 Mar; 9(3): 208.

123. Ikizler T.A., Cuppari L., Burrowes J., Byham-Gray L., Campbell K., Carrero J.J. et al. KDOQI clinical practice guidelines for nutrition in chronic kidney disease: 2019 update. https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/Nutrition_GL%2BSubmission_101719_Public_Review_Copy.pdf (Дата обращения 10.04.2020).

124. Gill L.E., Bartels S.J., Batsis J.A. Weight management in older adults. Curr Obes Rep 2015; 4(3): 379-88.

125. Mathus-Vliegen E.M., Basdevant A., Finer N., Hainer V., Hauner H., Micic D., et al. Prevalence, pathophysiology, health consequences and treatment options of obesity in the elderly: a guideline. ObesFacts 2012; 5(3): 460-83.

126. Villareal D.T., Apovian C.M., Kushner R.F., Klein S. Obesity in older adults: technical review and position statement of the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, the Obesity Society. Obesity 2005; 13(11): 1849-63.

127. Visvanathan R., Haywood C., Piantadosi C., Appleton S. Australian and New Zealand Society for Geriatric Medicine: position statement-obesity and the older person. Australas J Ageing 2012; 31(4): 261.

128. Di Angelantonio E., Bhupathiraju S.N., Wormser D., Gao P., Kaptoge S., de Gonzalez AB, et al. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet 2016; 388(10046): 776-86.

129. Winter J.E., MacInnis R.J., Wattanapenpaiboon N., Nowson C.A. BMI and all-cause mortality in older adults: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99(4): 875-90.

130. Flegal K.M., Kit B.K., Orpana H., Graubard B.I. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2013; 309(1): 71 - 82.

131. Zeanandin G., Molato O., LeDuff F., Guerin O., Hebuterne X., Schneider S.M. Impact of restrictive diets on the risk of undernutrition in a free-living elderly population. ClinNutr 2012; 31(1): 69 - 73.

132. Frimel T.N., Sinacore D.R., Villareal D.T. Exercise attenuates the weight-loss-induced reduction inmuscle mass in frail obese older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40(7): 1213-9.

133. Avila J.J., Gutierres J.A., Sheehy M.E., Lofgren I.E., Delmonico M.J. Effect of moderate intensity resistance training during weight loss on body composition and physical performance in overweight older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 109(3): 517-25.

134. Messier S.P., Mihalko S.L., Legault C., Miller G.D., Nicklas B.J., DeVita P., et al. Effects of intensive diet and exercise on knee joint loads, inflammation, and clinical outcomes among overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis: the IDEA randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013; 310(12): 1263-73.

135. Chomentowski P., Dube J.J., Amati F., Stefanovic-Racic M., Zhu S., Toledo F.G., et al. Moderate exercise attenuates the loss of skeletal muscle mass that occurs with intentional caloric restriction-induced weight loss in older, overweight to obese adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64(5): 575-80.

136. Vivanti A. Origins for the estimations of water requirements in adults. EurJClinNutr 2012; 66: 1282-9.

137. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products Nutritionand Allergies (NDA). Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for water. EFSA J 2010; 8(3): 48.

138. Institute of Medicine. Panel on dietary reference intakes for electrolytes and water. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2004.

139. Maughan R.J., Watson P., Cordery P.A., Walsh N.P., Oliver S.J., Dolci A., et al. A randomized trial to assess the potential of different beverages to affect hydration status: development of a beverage hydration index. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103(3): 717-23.

140. Grandjean A.C., Reimers K.J., Bannick K.E., Haven M.C. The effect of caffeinated, non-caffeinated, caloric and non-caloric beverages on hydration. JAmCollNutr 2000; 19(5): 591 - 600.

141. Hodgkinson B., Evans D., Wood J. Maintaining oral hydration in older adults: a systematic review. IntJNursPract 2003; 9(3): S19 - 28.

142. Hooper L., Abdelhamid A., Ali A., Bunn D.K., Jennings A., John G., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of calculated serum osmolarity to predict dehydration in older people: adding value to pathology labreports. BMJ Open 2015; 5, e008846.

143. Fortes M.B., Owen J.A., Raymond-Barker P., Bishop C., Elghenzai S., Oliver S.J., et al. Is this elderly patient dehydrated? Diagnostic accuracy of hydration assessment using physical signs, urine, and saliva markers. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16(3): 221-8.

144. Bunn D., Hooper L. Clinical signs of dehydration are ineffective in older people living in residential care. In: RCN annual international nursing research conference; 2015.

145. American Medical Directors Association. Dehydration and fluid maintenance in the long-term care setting. Columbia (MD): American Medical DirectorsAssociation (AMDA); 2009.

146. Frisoli Junior A., de Paula A.P., Feldman D., Nasri F. Subcutaneous hydration by hypodermoclysis. Apractical and low cost treatment for elderly patients. Drugs Aging 2000; 16(4): 313-9.

147. Turner T., Cassano A.M. Subcutaneous dextrose for rehydration of elderly patients - an evidence-based review. BMC Geriatr 2004; 4: 2.

148. Slesak G., Schnurle J.W., Kinzel E., Jakob J., Dietz K. Comparison of subcutaneous and intravenous rehydration in geriatric patients: a randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003; 51(2): 155-60.

149. OKeeffe S.T., Lavan J.N. Subcutaneous fluids in elderly hospital patients with cognitive impairment. Gerontology 1996; 42(1): 36-9.

150. Abbott R.A., Whear R., Thompson-Coon J., Ukoumunne O.C., Rogers M., Bethel A., et al. Effectiveness of mealtime interventions on nutritional outcomes for the elderly living in residential care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12(4): 967-81.

151. Marshall S., Bauer J., Capra S., Isenring E. Are informal carers and community care workers effective in managing malnutrition in the older adult community? A systematic review of current evidence. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17(8): 645-51.

152. Bunn D.K., Abdelhamid A., Copley M., Cowap V., Dickinson A., Howe A., et al. Effectiveness of interventions to indirectly support food and drink intake in people with dementia: eating and Drinking Well IN dementiA (EDWINA) systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16: 89.

153. Young K., Bunn F., Trivedi D., Dickinson A. Nutritional education for community dwelling older people: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Int J Nurs Stud 2011; 48(6): 751-80.

154. 1Munk T., Tolstrup U., Beck A.M., Holst M., Rasmussen H.H., Hovhannisyan K., et al. Individualised dietary counselling for nutritionally at-risk older patients following discharge from acute hospital to home: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 29(2): 196 - 208.

155. Morilla-Herrera J.C., Martin-Santos F.J., Caro-Bautista J., Saucedo-Figueredo C., Garcia-Mayor S., Morales-Asencio J.M. Effectiveness of food-based fortification in older people. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20(2): 178-84.

156. Trabal J., Farran-Codina A. Effects of dietary enrichment with conventional foods on energy and protein intake in older adults: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2015; 73(9): 624-33.

157. Lam I.T., Keller H.H., Pfisterer K., Duizer L., Stark K., Duncan A.M. Micronutrient food fortification for residential care: a scoping review of current interventions. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17(7): 588-95.

158. Darmon P., Kaiser M.J., Bauer J.M., Sieber C.C., Pichard C. Restrictive diets in the elderly: never say never again? Clin Nutr 2010; 29(2): 170-4.

159. Zeanandin G., Molato O., Le Duff F., Guerin O., Hebuterne X., Schneider S.M. Impact of restrictive diets on the risk of undernutrition in a free-living elderly population. Clin Nutr 2012; 31(1): 69 - 73.

160. Niedert K. Position of the American Dietetic Association: liberalization of the diet prescription improves quality of life for older adults in long-term care. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105(12): 1955-65.

161. Abbott R.A., Whear R., Thompson-Coon J., Ukoumunne O.C., Rogers M., Bethel A., et al. Effectiveness of mealtime interventions on nutritional outcomes for the elderly living in residential care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12(4): 967-81.

162. Abdelhamid A., Bunn D., Copley M., Cowap V., Dickinson A., Gray L., et al. Effectiveness of interventions to directly support food and drink intake in people with dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16: 26.

163. Tassone E.C., Tovey J.A., Paciepnik J.E., Keeton I.M., Khoo A.Y., Van Veenendaal N.G., et al. Should we implement mealtime assistance in the hospital setting? A systematic literature review with meta-analyses. J Clin Nurs 2015; 24(19 - 20): 2710-21.

164. Coyne M.L. The effect of directed verbal prompts and positive reinforcement on the level of eating independence of elderly nursing home clients with dementia [Ph.D. thesis]. The Catholic University of America; 1988.

165. Simmons S.F., Keeler E., Zhuo X., Hickey K.A., Sato H.W., Schnelle J.F. Prevention of unintentional weight loss in nursing home residents: a controlled trial of feeding assistance. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56(8): 1466-73.

166. Stroebele N., De Castro J.M. Effect of ambience on food intake and food choice. Nutrition 2004; 20(9): 821-38.

167. Nieuwenhuizen W.F., Weenen H., Rigby P., Hetherington M.M. Older adults and patients in need of nutritional support: review of current treatment options and factors influencing nutritional intake. Clin Nutr 2010; 29(2): 160-9.

168. Bunn D.K., Abdelhamid A., Copley M., Cowap V., Dickinson A., Howe A., et al. Effectiveness of interventions to indirectly support food and drink intake in people with dementia: eating and Drinking Well IN dementiA (EDWINA) systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16: 89.

169. Nijs K.A., de Graaf C., Kok F.J., van Staveren W.A. Effect of family style mealtimes on quality of life, physical performance, and body weight of nursing home residents: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2006; 332(7551): 1180-4.

170. Locher J.L., Robinson C.O., Roth D.L., Ritchie C.S., Burgio K.L. The effect of the presence of others on caloric intake in homebound older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005; 60(11): 1475-8.

171. Wright L., Hickson M., Frost G. Eating together is important: using a dining room in an acute elderly medical ward increases energy intake. J Hum Nutr Diet 2006; 19(1): 23-6.

172. Charras K, Fremontier M. Sharing meals with institutionalized people with dementia: a natural experiment. J Gerontoll Soc Work 2010; 53(5): 436-48.

173. Beck A.M., Ovesen L. Influence of social engagement and dining location on nutritional intake and body mass index of old nursing home residents. J Nutr Elder 2003; 22(4): 1 - 11.

174. Krassie J., Smart C., Roberts D. A review of the nutritional needs of meals on wheels consumers and factors associated with the provision of an effective meals on wheels service - an Australian perspective. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000; 54(4): 275-80.

175. Sahyoun N.R., Vaudin A. Home-delivered meals and nutrition status among older adults. Nutr Clin Pract 2014; 29(4): 459-65.

176. Kretser A.J., Voss T., Kerr W.W., Cavadini C., Friedmann J. Effects of two models of nutritional intervention on homebound older adults at nutritional risk. J Am Diet Assoc 2003; 103(3): 329-36.

177. Silver H.J., Dietrich M.S., Castellanos V.H. Increased energy density of the home-delivered lunch meal improves 24-hour nutrient intakes in older adults. J Am Diet Assoc 2008; 108(12): 2084-9.

178. Baldwin C., Kimber K.L., Gibbs M., Weekes C.E. Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at-risk adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; (12), CD009840.