1. Petty RE, Laxer RM, Lindsley CB, et al. Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc 2020.

2. Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, et al. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004; 31: 390-2.

3. Баранов А.А., Алексеева Е.И., editors. Ревматические болезни у детей. Москва: ПедиатрЪ 2016.

4. Cimaz R. Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Autoimmun Rev. 2016; 15: 931-4. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.004.

5. Janow G, Schanberg LE, Setoguchi S, et al. The Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Cohort of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: 2010-2013. J Rheumatol. 2016; 43: 1755-62. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.150997.

6. Onel KB, Horton DB, Lovell DJ, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Therapeutic Approaches for Oligoarthritis, Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis, and Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022; 74: 553-69. doi: 10.1002/art.42037.

7. Баранов А.А., Алексеева Е.И., Бзарова Т.М., et al. Протокол ведения пациентов с ювенильным артритом. Вопросы Современной Педиатрии. 2013; 12: 37 - 56.

8. Alexeeva EI. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment. Curr Pediatr. 2015; 14: 78 - 94. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v14i1.1266.

9. John RM, Kenney-Riley K. Care of the Child with a Possible Rheumatological Disorder. In: John RM, ed. Pediatric Diagnostic Labs for Primary Care: An Evidence-based Approach. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2022:461-86.

10. Martini A. Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Autoimmun Rev. 2012; 12: 56-9. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.07.022.

11. Ghosh JB. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Its Rare Presentation. Indian J Pediatr. 2012; 79: 262-4. doi: 10.1007/s12098-011-0484-z.

12. Mondal R, Sarkar S, Ghoshal A, et al. Congestive Heart Failure: An Uncommon Presentation of Systemic Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SOJIA). Indian J Pediatr. 2013; 80: 67-9. doi: 10.1007/s12098-011-0636-1.

13. Belozerov KE, Isupova EA, Solomatina NM, et al. Initial Respiratory System Involvement in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis with Systemic Onset Is a Marker of Interstitial Lung Disease: The Results of Retrospective Cohort Study Analysis. J Clin Med. 2024; 13: 3843. doi: 10.3390/jcm13133843.

14. Marzan KAB, Shaham B. Early Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 2012; 38: 355-72. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2012.04.006.

15. Kim YD, Job AV, Cho W. Differential Diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Rheum Dis. 2017; 24: 131. doi: 10.4078/jrd.2017.24.3.131.

16. Onel KB, Horton DB, Lovell DJ, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Recommendations for Nonpharmacologic Therapies, Medication Monitoring, Immunizations, and Imaging. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022; 74: 570-85. doi: 10.1002/art.42036.

17. Тепаев Р.Ф. Синдром диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания у детей. Диагностика и лечение. Педиатрическая Фармакология. 2010; 7: 27 - 31.

18. De Vere-Tyndall A, Macauley D, Ansell BM. Disseminated intravascular coagulation complicating systemic juvenile chronic arthritis ("Still's disease"). Clin Rheumatol. 1983; 2: 415-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02041564.

19. Oren H, Cing z I, Duman M, et al. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in pediatric patients: clinical and laboratory features and prognostic factors influencing the survival. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2005; 22: 679-88. doi: 10.1080/08880010500278749.

20. Rajagopal R, Thachil J, Monagle P. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in paediatrics. Arch Dis Child. 2017; 102: 187-93. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-311053.

21. Scott JP, Gerber P, Maryjowski MC, et al. Evidence for intravascular coagulation in systemic onset, but not polyarticular, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1985; 28: 256-61. doi: 10.1002/art.1780280304.

22. Schapkaitz E, Sherman GG, Jacobson BF, et al. Paediatric anticoagulation guidelines. S Afr Med J. 2012; 102: 171. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.5471.

23. Manco-Johnson MJ. How I treat venous thrombosis in children. Blood. 2006; 107: 21-9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-11-4211.

24. Tolbert J, Carpenter SL. Common Acquired Causes of Thrombosis in Children. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2013; 43: 169-77. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2013.05.005.

25. Геморрагические и тромботические заболевания и синдромы у детей и подростков: патогенез, клиника, диагностика, терапия и профилактика: монография / Б.И. Кузник, В.Г. Стуров, Н.Ю. Левшин [и др.]. - 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. - Новосибирск: Наука, 2018. - 524 с.

26. Ameri A, Anderson CM, Smith JH, et al. Thromboembolic Complications in a Pediatric Patient Population: Treatment with Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Monitoring of Treatment Efficiency with D-Dimer Levels and Safety Profile By Thromboelastogram. Blood. 2021; 138: 4270 - 4270. doi: 10.1182/blood-2021-146948.

27. , Salgado U A, Barriga G J, et al. Usefulness of the thromboelastogram in children: correlation with habitual coagulation tests. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2019; 90: 617-23. doi: 10.32641/rchped.v90i6.930.

28. Verma A, Hemlata. Thromboelastography as a novel viscoelastic method for hemostasis monitoring: Its methodology, applications, and constraints. Glob J Transfus Med. 2017; 2: 8. doi: 10.4103/GJTM.GJTM_4_17.

29. Yuan W-H, Liu H-C, Zeng L-K, et al. [Change of Thrombelastography in Children's DIC and Analysis of Its Sensitivity and Specificity for Diagnosis of DIC]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2017; 25: 847-52. doi:10.7534/j.issn.1009-2137.2017.03.039.

30. Голуб И.Е., Сорокина Л.В. Избранные вопросы по общей анестезиологии (методические рекомендации для клинических ординаторов, с правом переиздания). - 2005.

31. Михельсон, В.А., В.А. Сидоров, and С.М. Степаненко. "Анестезия и интенсивная терапия в педиатрии." М.: "Дель рус (2007).

32. Nik A, Mirfeizi Z, Rezaieyazdi Z, et al. ABO and Rh blood groups in patients with Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Casp J Intern Med. 2021; 12. doi: 10.22088/cjim.12.4.568.

33. Salem GI, Gamal NM, Talaat EA, et al. Clinical Impact of the ABO Blood Type in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases: Is there a Link to the ABO and Rhesus? Mediterr J Rheumatol. 2021; 32: 237. doi: 10.31138/mjr.32.3.237.

34. Breda, L., Nozzi, M., De Sanctis, S., & Chiarelli, F. (2010). Laboratory Tests in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases: An Update. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 40(1), 53 - 72. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.12.

35. Shenoi S, Wallace CA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Pediatr. 2016; 177: 19 - 26. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.06.056.

36. Cortis E, Insalaco A. Macrophage activation syndrome in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Acta Paediatr. 2006; 95: 38 - 41. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02414.x.

37. Ahn JG. Role of Biomarkers in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Rheum Dis. 2020; 27: 233-40. doi: 10.4078/jrd.2020.27.4.233.

38. Ben-Chetrit E, Gattorno M, Gul A, et al. Consensus proposal for taxonomy and definition of the autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs): a Delphi study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018; 77: 1558-65. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212515.

39. Hashkes PJ, Laxer RM, Simon A, editors. Textbook of Autoinflammation. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2019.

40. Limper M, de Kruif MD, Duits AJ, et al. The diagnostic role of Procalcitonin and other biomarkers in discriminating infectious from non-infectious fever. J Infect. 2010; 60: 409-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.03.016.

41. Щербина А.Ю. Первичные иммунодефициты - реалии XXI века. Вопросы Гематологиионкологии И Иммунопатологии В Педиатрии. 2016; 15: 8 - 9 - 9. https://www.hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/142 (accessed 14 April 2020).

42. Quesada-Masachs E, lvarez De La Sierra D, Garcia Prat M, et al. AB0165 In Depth Immunophenotypic Analysis In Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): A Crossectional Study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016; 75: 952. 3 - 953. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4823.

43. Аксенова В.А., Барышников Л.А., Клевно Н.И., et al. Новые возможности скрининга и диагностики различных проявлений туберкулезной инфекции у детей и подростков в России. Вопросы Современной Педиатрии. 2011; 10: 16 - 22. https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/638 (accessed 14 April 2020).

44. Aksenova VA, Klevno NI, Kazakov AV, et al. Preventive Tuberculosis Services Reduces the Risk of Local Forms of Tuberculosis Development in Children on Immunosuppressive Therapy: Retrospective Cohort Study. Curr Pediatr. 2020; 19: 346-51. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v19i5.2210.

45. , Anton J, Mart n De Carpi J, et al. Dual latent tuberculosis screening with tuberculin skin tests and QuantiFERON-TB assays before TNF- inhibitor initiation in children in Spain. Eur J Pediatr. 2022; 182: 307-17. doi: 10.1007/s00431-022-04640-3.

46. Бармина Н.А., Барышникова Л.А., Шурыгин А.А., et al. Скрининговое обследование детей и подростков III, IV и V групп здоровья с применением нового диагностического теста. Туберкулез И Болезни Легких. 2015; 0: 40-1.

47. Soon GS, Laxer RM. Approach to recurrent fever in childhood. Can Fam Physician Med Fam Can. 2017; 63: 756-62.

48. Selmi C, Gershwin ME. Diagnosis and classification of reactive arthritis. Autoimmun Rev. 2014; 13: 546-9. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.005.

49. Zeidler H, Hudson AP. Reactive Arthritis Update: Spotlight on New and Rare Infectious Agents Implicated as Pathogens. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2021; 23: 53. doi: 10.1007/s11926-021-01018-6.

50. Dembek ZF, Mothershead JL, Owens AN, et al. Psittacosis: An Underappreciated and Often Undiagnosed Disease. Pathogens. 2023; 12: 1165. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12091165.

51. Singh A, Karrar S. The Role of Intracellular Organisms in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Arthritis. Int J Inflamm. 2014; 2014: 1 - 8. doi: 10.1155/2014/158793.

52. Bentaleb I, Abdelghani KB, Rostom S, et al. Reactive Arthritis: Update. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2020; 7: 124-32. doi: 10.1007/s40588-020-00152-6.

53. Yang W-C, Huang Y-C, Tsai M-H, et al. Salmonella Septic Arthritis Involving Multiple Joints in a Girl with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at Diagnosis. Pediatr Neonatol. 2009; 50: 33-5. doi: 10.1016/S1875-9572(09) 60027-9.

54. Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou, G Pardalos, P F. Persistent or Severe Course of Reactive Arthritis Following Salmonella enteritidis Infection: A prospective study of 9 cases. Scand J Rheumatol. 1998; 27: 431-4. doi: 10.1080/030097498442253.

55. Kurniawan A, Sitorus IP, Loho T, et al. A rare case of septic arthritis of the knee caused by Salmonella typhi with preexisting typhoid fever in a healthy, immunocompetent child - A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2021; 78: 76 - 80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.12.003.

56. Leino R, , Tiilikainen A, et al. Yersinia Arthritis in Children. Scand J Rheumatol. 1980; 9: 245-9. doi: 10.3109/03009748009112357.

57. Hannu T. Reactive arthritis after an outbreak of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O: 3 infection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003; 62: 866-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.62.9.866.

58. Jezequel C, Prigent JY, Loiseau-Corvez MN, et al. [Reactive arthritis caused by Yersinia in children. Report of 4 cases]. Ann Pediatr (Paris). 1991; 38: 318-22.

59. Naija O. et al. A new case of reactive arthritis following Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype IV //Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. - 2010. - Т. 5. - N. 02. - С. 193 - 194.

60. Taccetti G, Trapani S, Ermini M, et al. Reactive arthritis triggered by Yersinia enterocolitica: a review of 18 pediatric cases. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1994; 12: 681-4.

61. Williams G. F. et al. Post-Yersinia Arthritis //Western Journal of Medicine. - 1980. - Т. 132. - N. 6. - С. 535.

62. Hannu T. Reactive arthritis attributable to Shigella infection: a clinical and epidemiological nationwide study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005; 64: 594-8. doi: 10.1136/ard.2004.027524.

63. Mazumder RN, Salam MA, Ali M, et al. Reactive arthritis associated with Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1997; 15: 21-4.

64. Plesca DA, Luminos M, Spatariu L, et al. Postinfectious arthritis in pediatric practice. Maedica. 2013; 8: 164-9.

65. Sood SK. Lyme Disease in Children. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2015; 29: 281-94. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.011.

66. Orczyk K, , Smolewska E. When a patient suspected with juvenile idiopathic arthritis turns out to be diagnosed with an infectious disease - a review of Lyme arthritis in children. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2017; 15: 35. doi: 10.1186/s12969-017-0166-0.

67. Steffen, Hirsch. Diagnostik der Lyme-Borreliose. Ther Umsch. 2005; 62: 737-44. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930.62.11.737.

68. Shi T, Huang L, Tian J. Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Viral DNA among children at a single hospital in Suzhou, China. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2022; 98: 142-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.05.006.

69. Houen G, Trier NH. Epstein-Barr Virus and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2021; 11: 587380. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587380.

70. Engelmann I, Petzold DR, Kosinska A, et al. Rapid quantitative PCR assays for the simultaneous detection of herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus 6 DNA in blood and other clinical specimens. J Med Virol. 2008; 80: 467-77. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21095.

71. Бзарова Т., Алексеева Е., Акулова С. Случай эпштейна-барр вирусной инфекции, протекавшей под маской системного варианта ювенильного ревматоидного артрита. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2007; 6(3): 101 - 106.

72. Kharitonova LA, Soboleva NG. The role of the infectious factor in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children. Ross Vestn Perinatol Pediatr Russ Bull Perinatol Pediatr. 2018; 63: 59 - 63. doi: 10.21508/1027-4065-2018-63-3-59-63.

73. Солдатова Е.Ю. и др. Распространенность герпесвирусной инфекции у больных с различными формами и вариантами ювенильного артрита //Лечащий врач. - 2017. - N. 6. - С. 31 - 31.

74. Banko A, Cirkovic A, Jeremic I, et al. Uncovering the Role of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Markers for Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomedicines. 2023; 11: 2375. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11092375.

75. for the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO), Giancane G, Swart JF, et al. Opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: analysis by the Pharmachild Safety Adjudication Committee. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020; 22: 71. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02167-2.

76. Petty RE, Laxer RM, Lindsley CB, et al. Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc 2020.

77. Liu Z, Zhang P, Tang S, et al. Urine real-time polymerase chain reaction detection for children virus pneumonia with acute human cytomegalovirus infection. BMC Infect Dis. 2014; 14: 245. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-245.

78. A. Ross S, Novak Z, Pati S, et al. Overview of the Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Infection. Infect Disord - Drug Targets. 2011; 11: 466-74. doi: 10.2174/187152611797636703.

79. Slots J, Slots H. Bacterial and viral pathogens in saliva: disease relationship and infectious risk. Periodontol 2000. 2011; 55: 48 - 69. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00361.x.

80. Strick LB, Wald A. Diagnostics for Herpes Simplex Virus: Is PCR the New Gold Standard? Mol Diagn Ther. 2006; 10: 17 - 28. doi: 10.1007/BF03256439.

81. Vince A, Dusek D. Imunosupresija i virusne infekcije u reumatskim bolestima [Immunosupression and viral infections in rheumatic diseases]. Reumatizam. 2007; 54(2): 58 - 62. Croatian. PMID: 18351141.

82. Eisenstein EM, Wolf DG. Cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric rheumatic diseases: a review. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2010; 8: 17. doi: 10.1186/1546-0096-8-17.

83. Hanson V, Kornreich HK, Drexler E, et al. Some Immunologic Considerations in Focal Scleroderma and Progressive Systemic Sclerosis in Children. Pediatr Res. 1974; 8: 806-9. doi: 10.1203/00006450-197409000-00006.

84. Looker KJ, Magaret AS, May MT, et al. Global and Regional Estimates of Prevalent and Incident Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infections in 2012. PLOS ONE. 2015; 10: e0140765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140765.

85. McQuillan G, Kruszon-Moran D, Flagg EW, et al. Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 in Persons Aged 14 - 49: United States, 2015 - 2016. NCHS Data Brief. 2018; 1 - 8.

86. Xu F, Lee FK, Morrow RA, et al. Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Children in the United States. J Pediatr. 2007; 151: 374-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.065.

87. Levin MJ, Weinberg A, Schmid DS. Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus. Microbiol Spectr. 2016; 4: 4.3.49. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0017-2015.

88. McAuley JB. Toxoplasmosis in Children: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008; 27: 161-2. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181658abb.

89. Villard O, Cimon B, L'Ollivier C, et al. Serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016; 84: 22 - 33. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.09.009.

90. Dong W, Zhong Q, Gu Y-L, et al. Is Toxoplasma gondii infection a concern in individuals with rheumatic diseases? Evidence from a case-control study based on serological diagnosis. Microb Pathog. 2023; 182: 106257. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106257.

91. Cascio A., Colomba C. Childhood Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis //Le Infezioni in Medicina. - 2003. - Т. 11. - N. 1. - С. 5 - 10.

92. , Mateo L, Lloveras N, et al. Visceral leishmaniasis and macrophagic activation syndrome in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis under treatment with adalimumab. Joint Bone Spine. 2010; 77: 271-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.01.011.

93. Kurizky PS, Marianelli FF, Cesetti MV, et al. A comprehensive systematic review of leishmaniasis in patients undergoing drug-induced immunosuppression for the treatment of dermatological, rheumatological and gastroenterological diseases. Rev Inst Med Trop S o Paulo. 2020; 62: e28. doi: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062028.

94. Indolfi G, Easterbrook P, Dusheiko G, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection in children and adolescents. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 4: 466-76. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(19) 30042-1.

95. Mack CL, Adams D, Assis DN, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis in Adults and Children: 2019 Practice Guidance and Guidelines From the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2020; 72: 671 - 722. doi: 10.1002/hep.31065.

96. Lampertico P, Agarwal K, Berg T, et al. EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2017; 67: 370-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.021.

97. Reust CE. Evaluation of primary immunodeficiency disease in children. Am Fam Physician. 2013; 87: 773-8.

98. Key recommendations. WHO Recommendations on the Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants and Children. World Health Organization 2010.

99. Robinson JL, Lee BE, Kothapalli S, et al. Use of Throat Swab or Saliva Specimens for Detection of Respiratory Viruses in Children. Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 46: e61-4. doi: 10.1086/529386

100. Hurd A, Beukelman T. Infectious Complications in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2013; 15: 327. doi: 10.1007/s11926-013-0327-1.

101. Chien Y-L, Huang F-L, Huang C-M, et al. Clinical approach to fever of unknown origin in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2017; 50: 893-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.08.007.

102. Ahmadinejad Z, Mansori S, Ziaee V, et al. Periodic Fever: a review on clinical, management and guideline for Iranian patients - part I. Iran J Pediatr 2014; 24: 1 - 13.

103. Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children. Intensive Care Med. 2020; 46: 10 - 67. doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05878-6.

104. Howell MD, Davis AM. Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock. 2017; 2.

105. , Cing z I, Duman M, et al. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in pediatric patients: Clinical and Laboratory Features and Prognostic Factors Influencing the Survival. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2005; 22: 679-88. doi: 10.1080/08880010500278749.

106. Foster BJ, Duffy CM, Sharma AK. Systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis complicated by two different renal lesions. Pediatr Nephrol. 1998; 12: 113-6. doi: 10.1007/s004670050416.

107. Del Giudice E, Marcellino A, Hoxha S, et al. Proteinuria and hematuria as early signs of renal involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Front Pediatr. 2024; 12: 1395961. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1395961.

108. Ruemmele FM, Veres G, Kolho KL, et al. Consensus guidelines of ECCO/ESPGHAN on the medical management of pediatric Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2014; 8: 1179-207. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.04.005.

109. Turner D, Ruemmele FM, Orlanski-Meyer E, et al. Management of Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis, Part 1: Ambulatory Care-An Evidence-based Guideline From European Crohn's and Colitis Organization and European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018; 67: 257-91. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002035.

110. Ferrara G, Pastore S, Sancin L, et al. Fecal Calprotectin to Detect Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2018; 45: 1418-21. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.171200.

111. Koca B, Sahin S, Adrovic A, et al. Cardiac involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2017; 37: 137-42. doi: 10.1007/s00296-016-3534-z.

112. Binstadt BA, Levine JC, Nigrovic PA, et al. Coronary Artery Dilation Among Patients Presenting With Systemic-Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Pediatrics. 2005; 116: e89 - 93. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-2190.

113. Boylan M. Should ultrasound be used routinely in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis? Ir J Med Sci 1971 -. 2020; 189: 735-48. doi: 10.1007/s11845-019-02096-3.

114. Okamoto N, Yokota S, Takei S, et al. Clinical practice guidance for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) 2018. Mod Rheumatol. 2019; 29: 41 - 59. doi: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1514724.

115. Basra HAS, Humphries PD. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: what is the utility of ultrasound? Br J Radiol. 2017; 90: 20160920. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20160920.

116. Chauvin NA, Doria AS. Ultrasound imaging of synovial inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 2017; 47: 1160-70. doi: 10.1007/s00247-017-3934-6.

117. Malattia C, Rinaldi M, Martini A. The role of imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2018; 14: 681-94. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2018.1496019.

118. Balassy C, Miller SF. CT in children's bones and joints: When, how and common findings. Eur J Radiol. 2013; 82: 1126-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.12.007.

119. Munir S, Patil K, Miller E, et al. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis of the Axial Joints: A Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Accuracy and Predictive Value of Conventional MRI. Am J Roentgenol. 2014; 202: 199 - 210. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.10475.

120. , DiNardo A, Saavedra B, et al. Point of care diagnostics for tuberculosis. Pulmonology. 2018; 24: 73 - 85. doi: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2017.12.002.

121. Allen-Rhoades W, Whittle SB, Rainusso N. Pediatric Solid Tumors in Children and Adolescents: An Overview. Pediatr Rev. 2018; 39: 444-53. doi: 10.1542/pir.2017-0268.

122. Zucker EJ, Lee EY, Restrepo R, et al. Hip Disorders in Children. Am J Roentgenol. 2013; 201: W776-96. doi: 10.2214/AJR.13.10623.

123. Jones NL, Koletzko S, Goodman K, et al. Joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN Guidelines for the Management of Helicobacter pylori in Children and Adolescents (Update 2016). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017; 64: 991 - 1003. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001594.

124. Kotilea K, Cadranel S, Salame A, et al. Efficacy and safety of bismuth based quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in children. Helicobacter. 2021; 26: e12825. doi: 10.1111/hel.12825.

125. Sierra D, Wood M, Kolli S, et al. Pediatric Gastritis, Gastropathy, and Peptic Ulcer Disease. Pediatr Rev. 2018; 39: 542-9. doi: 10.1542/pir.2017-0234.

126. Бельмер С.В., Корниенко Е.А., Волынец Г.В., Гурова М.М., Звягин А.А., Камалова А.А., Луппова Н.Е., Нижевич А.А., Новикова В.П., Печкуров Д.В., Приворотский В.Ф., Сатаев В.У., Тяжева А.А., Файзуллина Р.А., Хавкин А.И. Диагностика и лечение хеликобактерной инфекции у детей. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2021; (9): 119 - 127. https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-193-9-119-127.

127. Бзарова Т.М., Щербаков П.Л., Алексеева Е.И., Чистякова Е.Г., and Валиева С.И.. "Лечение гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни у детей с юношеским артритом" Вопросы современной педиатрии, vol. 6, no. 4, 2007, pp. 17 - 22.

128. Pichler J, Ong C, Shah N, et al. Histopathological features of gastrointestinal mucosal biopsies in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Res. 2016; 79: 895 - 901. doi: 10.1038/pr.2016.27.

129. Ashorn M, Verronen P, Ruuska T, et al. Upper endoscopic findings in children with active juvenile chronic arthritis. Acta Paediatr. 2003; 92: 558-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb02506.x.

130. Len C, Hilario MO, Kawakami E, et al. Gastroduodenal lesions in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Hepatogastroenterology. 1999; 46: 991-6.

131. Weber P, Brune T, Ganser G, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms and permeability in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003; 21: 657-62.

132. Листопадова А.П. и др. Этиологическая структура хронического гастрита у детей, больных ювенильным хроническим артритом //Актуальные проблемы медицины. - 2014. - Т. 28. - N. 24 (195). - С. 33 - 36.

133. Жолобова Е.С. и др. Воспалительные заболевания кишечника у пациентов с системным ювенильным артритом //Consilium Medicum. - 2023. - Т. 25. - N. 8. - С. 529 - 533.

134. Maller J, Fox E, Park KT, et al. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2021; 48: 567-74. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.200230.

135. Broekaert IJ, Klein A, Windschall D, et al. Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treated With Biologics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2023; 76: 174-82. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003656.

136. Passo MH, Fitzgerald JF, Brandt KD. Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease in children: Relationship of joint disease to activity and severity of bowel lesion. Dig Dis Sci. 1986; 31: 492-7. doi: 10.1007/BF01320313.

137. Biswas S. et al. IBD-Associated Arthritis Misdiagnosed as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case Report and Literature Review: 2091 //Official journal of the American College of Gastroenterology| ACG. - 2018. - Т. 113. - С. S1188 - S1189.

138. , Galindo Zavala R, Blasco Alonso J, et al. Crohn's disease in a patient with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Association or associated side effect of treatment? Reumatol Cl nica Engl Ed. 2022; 18: 557-9. doi: 10.1016/j.reumae.2021.06.004.

139. De Cock D, Hyrich K. Malignancy and rheumatoid arthritis: Epidemiology, risk factors and management. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2018; 32: 869-86. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.03.011.

140. Lobo L, Antunes D. Chest CT in infants and children. Eur J Radiol. 2013; 82: 1108-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.12.006.

141. Quezada A, Ramos S, Garcia M, et al. Lung involvement in rheumatologic diseases in children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2012; 40: 88 - 91. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2011.02.009.

142. Brix N, Rosth j S, Glerup M, et al. Identifying acute lymphoblastic leukemia mimicking juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15: e0237530. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237530.

143. Allen-Rhoades W, Whittle SB, Rainusso N. Pediatric Solid Tumors in Children and Adolescents: An Overview. Pediatr Rev. 2018; 39: 444-53. doi: 10.1542/pir.2017-0268.

144. Nikishina I, Kolkhidova Z, Blank L, et al. AB1260 Significance of whole-body MRI in children with rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022; 81: 1739.3 - 1740. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4671.

145. Eutsler EP, Khanna G. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in children: technique and clinical applications. Pediatr Radiol. 2016; 46: 858-72. doi: 10.1007/s00247-016-3586-y.

146. . New imaging techniques in reumathology: MRI, scintigraphy and PET. Pol J Radiol. 2013; 78: 48 - 56. doi: 10.12659/PJR.889138.

147. Fonseca MB, Gomes FHR, Valera ET, et al. Signs and symptoms of rheumatic diseases as first manifestation of pediatric cancer: diagnosis and prognosis implications. Rev Bras Reumatol Engl Ed. 2017; 57: 330-7. doi: 10.1016/j.rbre.2017.01.007.

148. Alias A, Rodriguez EJ, Bateman HE, et al. Rheumatology and oncology: an updated review of rheumatic manifestations of malignancy and anti-neoplastictherapy. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2012; 70: 109-14.

149. Loctin A, Bailly F, Laroche D, et al. Clinical interest of bone marrow aspiration in rheumatology: a practice-based observational study of 257 bone marrow aspirations. Clin Rheumatol. 2013; 32: 115-21. doi: 10.1007/s10067-012-2097-y.

150. Grebenyuk V. et al. Fever of unknown origin: case reports from routine clinical practice and a review //Klinicka Mikrobiologie a Infekcni Lekarstvi. - 2021. - Т. 27. - N. 4. - С. 148 - 157.

151. Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Творогова Т.М., Горяйнова А.Н., Дмитриева Ю.А., Воробьева А.С., Короид Н.В. Длительная лихорадка у ребенка: в чем причина, как обследовать, лечить или не лечить? Медицинский совет. 2020; (10): 151 - 162. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2020-10-151-162.

152. Trapani S, Grisolia F, Simonini G, et al. Incidence of occult cancer in children presenting with musculoskeletal symptoms: a 10-year survey in a pediatric rheumatology unit. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2000; 29: 348-59. doi: 10.1053/sarh.2000.5752.

153. Colamussi P, Prandini N, Cittanti C, et al. Scintigraphy in rheumatic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2004; 18: 909-26. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2004.07.003.

154. Zucker EJ, Lee EY, Restrepo R, et al. Hip disorders in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013; 201: W776 - 796. doi: 10.2214/AJR.13.10623.

155. Handa R, Upadhyaya S, Kapoor S, et al. Tuberculosis and biologics in rheumatology: A special situation. Int J Rheum Dis. 2017; 20: 1313-25. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.13129.

156. Cantini F, Nannini C, Niccoli L, et al. Guidance for the management of patients with latent tuberculosis infection requiring biologic therapy in rheumatology and dermatology clinical practice. Autoimmun Rev. 2015; 14: 503-9. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.011.

157. Clemente D, Cuadros EN, Lovillo MC, et al. Position statement on infection screening, prophylaxis, and vaccination of pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases and immunosuppressive therapies, part 3: precautions in situations of surgery, fever, and opportunistic infections. Eur J Pediatr. 2023; 183: 915-27. doi: 10.1007/s00431-023-05295-4.

158. Bovid KM, Moore MD. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis for the Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon. Orthop Clin North Am. 2019; 50: 471-88. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2019.06.003.

159. Clarke SLN, Sen ES, Ramanan AV. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2016; 14: 27. doi: 10.1186/s12969-016-0088-2.

160. Garbrecht JL, Powell ZR, McClard CK, et al. Frosted branch angiitis in a patient with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol. 2024; 24: 106. doi: 10.1186/s12886-024-03373-1.

161. Radwan Oczko M, , Richards P, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis patients' oral health and disease activity. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019; 22: 1538-43. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.13590.

162. Lvovich S, Goldsmith DP. Neurological Complications of Rheumatic Disease. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2017; 24: 54-9. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2016.12.007.

163. Shiari R. Neurologic manifestations of childhood rheumatic diseases. Iran J Child Neurol. 2012; 6: 1 - 7.

164. Ben-Chetrit E, Gattorno M, Gul A, et al. Consensus proposal for taxonomy and definition of the autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs): a Delphi study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018; 77: 1558-65. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212515.

165. Dumas G, Arabi YM, Bartz R, et al. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases in the ICU. Intensive Care Med. 2024; 50: 17 - 35. doi: 10.1007/s00134-023-07266-7.

166. , Trieschmann U, Leister N. diagnostische Eingriffe bei Kindern. AINS - An sthesiol · Intensivmed · Notfallmedizin · Schmerzther. 2023; 58: 409-20. doi: 10.1055/a-1925-7009.

167. Janssen NM, Karnad DR, Guntupalli KK. Rheumatologic diseases in the intensive care unit: epidemiology, clinical approach, management, and outcome. Crit Care Clin. 2002; 18: 729-48. doi: 10.1016/S0749-0704(02) 00025-8.

168. Hynes L, Saetes S, McGuire B, et al. Child and Family Adaptation to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-A Systematic Review of the Role of Resilience Resources and Mechanisms. Front Psychol. 2019; 10: 2445. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02445.

169. Frye WS, Milojevic D. The Role of Psychology in Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2022; 69: 965-74. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.05.009.

170. Chyzheuskaya I. et al. THU0508 Psychological features of children with rheumatic diseases. - 2017.

171. LeBovidge JS. Psychological Adjustment of Children and Adolescents WithChronic Arthritis: A Meta-analytic Review. J Pediatr Psychol. 2003; 28: 29 - 39. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/28.1.29.

172. Ferro MA, Boyle MH. Self-concept among youth with a chronic illness: A meta-analytic review. Health Psychol. 2013; 32: 839-48. doi: 10.1037/a0031861.

173. Cousino MK, Hazen RA. Parenting Stress Among Caregivers of Children With Chronic Illness: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Psychol. 2013; 38: 809-28. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jst049.

174. Knafl K, Leeman J, Havill NL, et al. The Contribution of Parent and Family Variables to the Well-Being of Youth With Arthritis. J Fam Nurs. 2015; 21: 579 - 616. doi: 10.1177/1074840715601475.

175. Yamaguchi M, Ohta A, Tsunematsu T, et al. Preliminary criteria for classification of adult Still's disease. J Rheumatol. 1992; 19: 424-30.

176. Martini A, Ravelli A, Avcin T, et al. Toward New Classification Criteria for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: First Steps, Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization International Consensus. J Rheumatol. 2019; 46: 190-7. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.180168.

177. Ravelli A, Dav S, Minoia F, et al. Macrophage Activation Syndrome. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2015; 29: 927-41. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2015.06.010.

178. Henderson LA, Cron RQ. Macrophage Activation Syndrome and Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Childhood Inflammatory Disorders: Diagnosis and Management. Pediatr Drugs. 2020; 22: 29 - 44. doi: 10.1007/s40272-019-00367-1.

179. Shakoory B, Carcillo JA, Chatham WW, et al. Interleukin-1 Receptor Blockade Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in Sepsis Patients With Features of Macrophage Activation Syndrome: Reanalysis of a Prior Phase III Trial*. Crit Care Med. 2016; 44: 275-81. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001402.

180. Hines MR, von Bahr Greenwood T, Beutel G, et al. Consensus-Based Guidelines for the Recognition, Diagnosis, and Management of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Critically Ill Children and Adults. Crit Care Med. 2022; 50: 860-72. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005361.

181. , Tse SML, Schneider R, et al. Macrophage activation syndrome as the presenting manifestation of rheumatic diseases in childhood. J Pediatr. 2006; 148: 683-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.12.070.

182. Lehmberg K, Pink I, Eulenburg C, et al. Differentiating Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis from Other Forms of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. J Pediatr. 2013; 162: 1245-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.11.081.

183. Yokoyama T, Shimizu M, Ikeno I, et al. [Case of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis complicated with sepsis --usefulness of cytokine profile for the differentiation between macrophage activation syndrome and sepsis]. Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. 2011; 34: 105-11. doi: 10.2177/jsci.34.105.

184. Chen T-Y, Hsu M-H, Kuo H-C, et al. Outcome analysis of pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Formos Med Assoc. 2021; 120: 172-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.03.025.

185. Rajagopal R, Thachil J, Monagle P. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in paediatrics. Arch Dis Child. 2017; 102: 187-93. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-311053.

186. Rigante D, Emmi G, Fastiggi M, et al. Macrophage activation syndrome in the course of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders. Clin Rheumatol. 2015; 34: 1333-9. doi: 10.1007/s10067-015-2923-0.

187. Valade S, Mariotte E, Azoulay E. Coagulation Disorders in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Macrophage Activation Syndrome. Crit Care Clin. 2020; 36: 415-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.12.004.

188. Shakoory B, Geerlinks A, Wilejto M, et al. The 2022 EULAR/ACR points to consider at the early stages of diagnosis and management of suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2023; 82: 1271-85. doi: 10.1136/ard-2023-224123.

189. Valade S, Azoulay E, Galicier L, et al. Coagulation Disorders and Bleedings in Critically Ill Patients With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015; 94: e1692. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001692.

190. Li Z, Xiao J, Song H, et al. Evaluation of coagulation disorders by thromboelastography in children with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2019; 28: 181-8. doi: 10.1177/0961203318819137.

191. , Salgado U A, Barriga G J, et al. Usefulness of the thromboelastogram in children: correlation with habitual coagulation tests. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2019; 90: 617-23. doi: 10.32641/rchped.v90i6.930.

192. Law C, Raffini L. A Guide to the Use of Anticoagulant Drugs in Children. Pediatr Drugs. 2015; 17: 105-14. doi: 10.1007/s40272-015-0120-x.

193. Bagri NK, Gupta L, Sen ES, et al. Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Children: Diagnosis and Management. Indian Pediatr. 2021; 58: 1155-61. doi: 10.1007/s13312-021-2399-8.

194. Abolghasemi H, Shahverdi E, Niknam R, et al. Macrophage Activation Syndrome as the First Presentation of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. IJBC. 2017; 9: 93-6.

195. Ansuini V, Rigante D, Esposito S. Debate around infection-dependent hemophagocytic syndrome in paediatrics. BMC Infect Dis. 2013; 13: 15. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-15.

196. D'Errico MM, Cuoco F, Biancardi C, et al. YIM-P58. Macrophage activation syndrome: the role of infectious triggers. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2014; 12: Y5, 1546-0096-12-S1-Y5. doi: 10.1186/1546-0096-12-S1-Y5.

197. Eloseily EM, Cron RQ. Macrophage Activation Syndrome. In: Ragab G, Atkinson TP, Stoll ML, eds. The Microbiome in Rheumatic Diseases and Infection. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2018: 151-82.

198. Long S. S., Pickering L. K., Prober C. G. Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases. - 2023.

199. Xu D, Li S, Chen Z, et al. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in different respiratory specimens. Eur J Pediatr. 2011; 170: 851-8. doi: 10.1007/s00431-010-1360-y.

200. Copete AR, Vera C, Herrera M, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children With and Without Community-acquired Pneumonia. What do PCR and Serology Say? Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020; 39: e104-8. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002636.

201. Waris ME, Toikka P, Saarinen T, et al. Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children. J Clin Microbiol. 1998; 36: 3155-9. doi: 10.1128/JCM.36.11.3155-3159.1998.

202. Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, India, Kumar S, Kumar S, et al. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae as a Causative Agent of Community-Acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children. Ann Pediatr Child Health. 2023; 11: 1 - 4. doi: 10.47739/2373-9312.pediatrics.1325.

203. Blanche S, Caniglia M, Fischer A, et al. Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome: Clinical Presentation and Treatment. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1989; 6: 233-5. doi: 10.3109/08880018909034292.

204. Nowalk A, Green M. Epstein-Barr Virus. Microbiol Spectr. 2016; 4: 4.3.47. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0011-2015.

205. Zeng H-S, Xiong X-Y, Wei Y-D, et al. Macrophage activation syndrome in 13 children with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. World J Pediatr. 2008; 4: 97 - 101. doi: 10.1007/s12519-008-0018-6.

206. Brisse E, Matthys P, Wouters CH. Understanding the spectrum of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: update on diagnostic challenges and therapeutic options. Br J Haematol. 2016; 174: 175-87. doi: 10.1111/bjh.14144.

207. , , , et al. Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Secondary Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Latvia from 2009 to 2020: A Nationwide Retrospective Study. Medicina (Mex). 2023; 59: 798. doi: 10.3390/medicina59040798.

208. Nadimpalli S, Foca M, Satwani P, et al. Diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage in immunocompromised children with malignant and non-malignant disorders: BAL in Immunocompromised Children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017; 52: 820-6. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23644.

209. Ers. Bronchoalveolar lavage in children. Eur Respir J. 2000; 15: 217-31. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00.15121700.

210. Amanati A, Karimi A, Fahimzad A, et al. Prevalence of Human Herpes Viruses in Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Critically Ill Children Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation at a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Arch Pediatr Infect Dis. 2018; 6. doi: 10.5812/pedinfect.12685.

211. Wong JCP, Hon KLE, Leung KKY, et al. Diagnostic Yield of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Immunocompromised Children. J Trop Pediatr. 2021; 67: fmaa131. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa131.

212. , Investigation of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia and Colonization in Iatrogenically Immunosuppressed and Immunocompetent Patients. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2015; 49: 221-30. doi: 10.5578/mb.9344.

213. Eroglu Ertugrul NG, Yalcin E, Oguz B, et al. The value of flexible bronchoscopy in pulmonary infections of immunosuppressed children. Clin Respir J. 2020; 14: 78 - 84. doi: 10.1111/crj.13103.

214. Gonski K, Cohn R, Widger J, et al. Utility of bronchoscopy in immunocompromised paediatric patients: Systematic review. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2020; 34: 24 - 34. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.02.003.

215. Lachant DJ, Croft DP, McGrane Minton H, et al. The clinical impact of pneumocystis and viral PCR testing on bronchoalveolar lavage in immunosuppressed patients. Respir Med. 2018; 145: 35 - 40. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.021.

216. Varadaraju S, Khandelwal P, Sankar J, et al. Multiple opportunistic infection-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in nephrotic syndrome: A case report. J Pediatr Crit Care. 2021; 8: 295. doi: 10.4103/jpcc.jpcc_64_21.

217. Weyant RB, Kabbani D, Doucette K, et al. Pneumocystis jirovecii: a review with a focus on prevention and treatment. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2021; 22: 1579-92. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1915989.

218. Morris A, Norris KA. Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Its Role in Disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012; 25: 297 - 317. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00013-12.

219. White PL, Price JS, Backx M. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia: Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis. Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2019; 13: 260-73. doi: 10.1007/s12281-019-00349-3.

220. , , Pneumocystis pneumonia in a child with sojia. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2014; 12: P225, 1546-0096-12-S1-P225. doi: 10.1186/1546-0096-12-S1-P225.

221. Saper V. E. et al. Emergent high fatality lung disease in systemic juvenile arthritis //Annals of the rheumatic diseases. - 2019. - Т. 78. - N. 12. - С. 1722 - 1731.

222. Rayment JH, Narang I. Pulmonary Aspergillosis in a Previously Healthy 13-Year-Old Boy. Can Respir J. 2016; 2016: 4575942. doi: 10.1155/2016/4575942.

223. de Mol M, de Jongste JC, van Westreenen M, et al. Diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in children with bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan: BAL Galactomannan Aspergillosis Children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48: 789-96. doi: 10.1002/ppul.22670.

224. Zhao M, Guan Y, Lin J, et al. Acute kidney injury in critical care: complications of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Front Immunol. 2024; 15: 1396124. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396124.

225. Fitzgerald NE, MacClain KL. Imaging characteristics of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Radiol. 2003; 33: 392 - 401. doi: 10.1007/s00247-003-0894-9.

226. Schmidt MH, Sung L, Shuckett BM. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Children: Abdominal US Findings within 1 Week of Presentation. Radiology. 2004; 230: 685-9. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2303030223.

227. Chinnici A, Beneforti L, Pegoraro F, et al. Approaching hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Front Immunol. 2023; 14: 1210041. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210041.

228. Malik P, Antonini L, Mannam P, et al. MRI Patterns in Pediatric CNS Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Am J Neuroradiol. 2021; 42: 2077-85. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A7292.

229. Shieh AC, Guler E, Smith DA, et al. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Primer for Radiologists. Am J Roentgenol. 2020; 214: W11-9. doi: 10.2214/AJR.19.21788.

230. Hur M, Kim YC, Lee KM, et al. Macrophage Activation Syndrome in a Child with Systemic Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Korean Med Sci. 2005; 20: 695. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2005.20.4.695.

231. Behrens EM, Beukelman T, Paessler M, et al. Occult macrophage activation syndrome in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2007; 34: 1133-8.

232. Shekarchian F, Abadi MKA, Shariati MM. Clinical approach to a child with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and bilateral optic nerve head infiltration: A case report and brief literature review. Clin Case Rep. 2023; 11: e7999. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.7999.

233. Wang L, Suo L, Kou F, et al. Ocular Phenotypes in Patients With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Retrospective Analysis in a Single Center Over 7 Years. Am J Ophthalmol. 2023; 253: 119-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.05.011.

234. et al. Atypical eye manifestation in macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis //Alergia, Asma e Inmunolog a Pedi tricas. - 2020. - Т. 29. - N. 2. - С. 66 - 70.

235. Ravelli A, Minoia F, , et al. 2016 Classification Criteria for Macrophage Activation Syndrome Complicating Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology/Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation Collaborative Initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016; 75: 481-9. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208982.

236. Криулин И.А., Алексеева Е.И., Шилькрот И.Ю., Дворяковская Т.М. Вторичный гемофагоцитарный синдром: прогностическая модель и ранние маркеры развития у пациентов с системным ювенильным идиопатическим артритом. Результаты когортного ретроспективного исследования. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2022; 17(6): 17 - 24. DOI: 10.20953/1817-7646-2022-6-17-24.

237. Onel K, Rumsey DG, Shenoi S. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment Updates. Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 2021; 47: 545-63. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2021.07.009.

238. Pan S, Yu H, Surti A, et al. Pharmacodynamics of rituximab on B lymphocytes in paediatric patients with autoimmune diseases. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019; 85: 1790-7. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13970.

239. McAtee CL, Lubega J, Underbrink K, et al. Association of Rituximab Use With Adverse Events in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2021; 4: e2036321. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36321.

240. Smolewska E, Cebula B, , et al. Relationship between impaired apoptosis of lymphocytes and distribution of dendritic cells in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2008; 56: 283-9. doi: 10.1007/s00005-008-0030-5.

241. Bateman M, Oladele R, Kolls JK. Diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: A review of current methods and novel approaches. Med Mycol. 2020; 58: 1015-28. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myaa024.

242. Park JW, Curtis JR, Kim MJ, et al. Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with rheumatic diseases receiving prolonged, non-high-dose steroids-clinical implication of primary prophylaxis using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019; 21: 207. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1996-6.

243. Sulieman SE, Metjian TA, Zaoutis TE, et al. Pneumocystis Pneumonia: Epidemiology and Options for Prophylaxis in Non-HIV Immunocompromised Pediatric Patients. Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2014; 8: 45 - 55. doi: 10.1007/s12281-014-0177-y.

244. , , , et al. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in children. A retrospective study in a single center over three decades. Enfermedades Infecc Microbiol Cl nica. 2020; 38: 111-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2019.05.005.

245. Kim YW, Kwon BS, Lim SY, et al. Diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial washing in sputum-scarce or smear-negative cases with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomized study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020; 26: 911-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.11.013.

246. Daelemans, Siel & Peeters, Linde & Wachter, Elke & Malfroot, Anne. (2019). Challenges in Diagnosing Mycobacterial Infections in Children.. 21. 194 - 199.

247. Solovic I, Sester M, Gomez-Reino JJ, et al. The risk of tuberculosis related to tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapies: a TBNET consensus statement. Eur Respir J. 2010; 36: 1185-206. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00028510.

248. Qu Y, Liu M, Sun X, et al. Development and evaluation of a triplex droplet digital PCR method for differentiation of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and BCG. Front Microbiol. 2024; 15: 1397792. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1397792.

249. Bal ZS, Yazici P, Sen S, et al. A fatal case of tuberculous meningitis in a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a diagnostic challenge. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2017; 50: 709-11. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0410-2016.

250. Armbrust W, Kamphuis SSM, Wolfs TWF, et al. Tuberculosis in a nine-year-old girl treated with infliximab for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2004; 43: 527-9. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh074.

251. Noguera-Julian A, , Brinkmann F, et al. Tuberculosis Disease in Children and Adolescents on Therapy With Antitumor Necrosis Agents: A Collaborative, Multicenter Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet) Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71: 2561-9. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz1138.

252. Restrepo-Gualteros SM, Gutierrez MJ, Villamil-Osorio M, et al. Challenges and Clinical Implications of the Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Lung Infection in Children. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2019; 21: 24. doi: 10.1007/s11908-019-0681-x.

253. Lyu J, Deng Q, Li R, et al. Pneumonia Caused by Coinfection with Cytomegalovirus and Pneumocystis jirovecii in an HIV-Negative Infant Diagnosed by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing. Infect Drug Resist. 2022; Volume 15: 3417-25. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S364241.

254. Ramos JT, Romero CA, Belda S, et al. Clinical practice update of antifungal prophylaxis in immunocompromised children. Rev Espanola Quimioter Publicacion Of Soc Espanola Quimioter 2019; 32: 410-25.

255. Tragiannidis A, Kyriakidis I, , et al. Invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients treated with tumor necrosis alpha () inhibitors. Mycoses. 2017; 60: 222-9. doi: 10.1111/myc.12576.

256. Lazzerini PE, Capecchi PL, Guideri F, et al. Comparison of Frequency of Complex Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Positive Versus Negative Anti-Ro/SSA and Connective Tissue Disease. Am J Cardiol. 2007; 100: 1029-34. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.04.048.

257. Caforio ALP, Adler Y, Agostini C, et al. Diagnosis and management of myocardial involvement in systemic immune-mediated diseases: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Disease. Eur Heart J. 2017; 38: 2649-62. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx321.

258. Sharma AP, Norozi K, Filler G, et al. Diagnosis of Pediatric Hypertension: European Society of Hypertension-recommended 24-hr vs. 24-hr-day-night Ambulatory Blood Pressure thresholds.; 23.

259. , , , et al. A case report of intracranial hypertension and aseptic meningitis: anti-tumor necrosis factor associated or juvenile idiopathic arthritis related. Turk J Pediatr. 2021; 63: 522-6. doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2021.03.022.

260. Zhang P, Li X, Li Y, et al. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome secondary to systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A case report and review of the literature. Biomed Rep. 2015; 3: 55-8. doi: 10.3892/br.2014.380.

261. Koenig MK, Perez M, Rothenberg S, et al. Juvenile Onset Central Nervous System Folate Deficiency and Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Child Neurol. 2008; 23: 106-7. doi: 10.1177/0883073807307986

262. , , , et al. Concurrence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and primary demyelinating disease in a young child. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019; 27: 20-2. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.002.

263. , Buscatti IM, , et al. Neurite em paciente com artrite juvenil. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2014; 54: 486-9. doi: 10.1016/j.rbr.2014.01.011.

264. Weng Y, Yi C, Liang H, et al. The Brain Structural-Functional Vulnerability in Drug-Naive Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Insights From the Hippocampus. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022; 16: 833602. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.833602.

265. Cao Z-Y, Wang N, Jia J-T, et al. Abnormal topological organization in systemic lupus erythematosus: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis. Brain Imaging Behav. 2021; 15: 14 - 24. doi: 10.1007/s11682-019-00228-y.

266. Mavrogeni S, Koutsogeorgopoulou L, Dimitroulas T, et al. Combined Brain/Heart Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2020; 16: 178-86. doi: 10.2174/1573403X15666190801122105

267. Goh YP, Naidoo P, Ngian G-S. Imaging of systemic lupus erythematosus. Part II: Gastrointestinal, renal, and musculoskeletal manifestations. Clin Radiol. 2013; 68: 192 - 202. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2012.06.109.

268. Fotis L, Baszis KW, French AR, et al. Mesenteric vasculitis in children with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol. 2016; 35: 785-93. doi: 10.1007/s10067-015-2892-3

269. Lalani TA, Kanne JP, Hatfield GA, et al. Imaging Findings in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. RadioGraphics. 2004; 24: 1069-86. doi: 10.1148/rg.244985082.

270. Zajaczkowska M, Papierkowski A, Szczepanowska A, et al. [Influence of glucocorticoid steroid therapy on gastric and duodenal mucosa and Helicobacter pylori infection in children with nephrotic syndrome]. Pol Merkur Lek Organ Pol Tow Lek. 2001; 10: 165-7.

271. Wobma H, Bachrach R, Farrell J, et al. Development of a Screening Algorithm for Lung Disease in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2023; 5: 556-62. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11600.

272. Galindo-Zavala R, Bou-Torrent R, , et al. Expert panel consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of secondary osteoporosis in children. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2020; 18: 20. doi: 10.1186/s12969-020-0411-9.

273. Buckley L, Guyatt G, Fink HA, et al. 2017 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: ACR guideline for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017; 69: 1521-37. doi: 10.1002/art.40137.

274. Harari S, Paciocco G, Aramu S. Ear and nose involvement in systemic diseases. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis Arch Monaldi Mal Torace. 2000; 55: 466-70.

275. Stoustrup P, Resnick CM, Abramowicz S, et al. Management of Orofacial Manifestations of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Interdisciplinary Consensus-Based Recommendations. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023; 75: 4 - 14. doi: 10.1002/art.42338.

276. Walton AG, Welbury RR, Thomason JM, et al. Oral health and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a review. Rheumatology. 2000; 39: 550-5. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/39.5.550.

277. Whittle, Vanessa & Gane, J & Cheetham, T. (2017). G169(P) Management of steroid induced diabetes in children: A national perspective. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 102. A69.1-A69. 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313087.168.

278. Fc A. The Portuguese Society of Rheumatology position paper on the use of biosimilars - 2017 update. 2017.

279. Atzeni F, Sebastiani M, Ricci C, et al. Position paper of Italian rheumatologists on the use of biosimilar drugs.

280. Abad , Andreu JL, Caracuel Ruiz , et al. Position Paper From the Spanish Society of Rheumatology on Biosimilar Drugs. Reumatol Engl Ed. 2015; 11: 269-78. doi: 10.1016/j.reumae.2015.03.012.

281. Huizinga TWJ, Torii Y, Muniz R. Adalimumab Biosimilars in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Biosimilarity. Rheumatol Ther. 2021; 8: 41 - 61. doi: 10.1007/s40744-020-00259-8.

282. Levy DM, Imundo LF. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A survey of practices and concerns of pediatric medical and surgical specialists and a summary of available safety data. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2010; 8: 7. doi: 10.1186/1546-0096-8-7.

283. Litalien C., Jacqz-Aigrain E. Risks and benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children //Paediatric drugs. - 2001. - Т. 3. - N. 11. - С. 817 - 858.

284. Hollingworth P. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in paediatric rheumatic diseases //Rheumatology. - 1993. - Т. 32. - N. 1. - С. 73 - 77.

285. Guillaume-Czitrom S. Les anti-inflammatoires non dans les rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques de l'enfant [Non -steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in chronic inflammatory arthritis in children]. La Lettre du Rhumatologue N 379-380 - 2012.

286. Gupta P, Sachdev HP. Safety of oral use of nimesulide in children: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Indian Pediatr. 2003 Jun; 40(6): 518-31. PMID: 12824661.

287. Todd PA, Sorkin EM. Diclofenac Sodium: A Reappraisal of its Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties, and Therapeutic Efficacy. Drugs. 1988; 35: 244-85. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198835030-00004.

288. Standing J. F. Diclofenac for acute pain in children: Pharmacokinetics and safety. - University of London, University College London (United Kingdom), 2007.

289. Иосифовна А.Е., С.И. В. Оценка эффективности, переносимости и безопасности нимесулида у детей с ювенильным артритом. Вопросы Современной Педиатрии. 2007; 6: 76 - 80.

290. Sherman JM, Sood SK. Current challenges in the diagnosis and management of fever. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2012; 24: 400-6. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32835333e3.

291. Ringold S, Weiss PF, Beukelman T, et al. 2013 update of the 2011 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: recommendations for the medical therapy of children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and tuberculosis screening among children receiving biologic medications. Arthritis Care Res. 2013; 65: 1551-63. doi: 10.1002/acr.22087.

292. Beukelman T, Patkar NM, Saag KG, et al. 2011 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: initiation and safety monitoring of therapeutic agents for the treatment of arthritis and systemic features. Arthritis Care Res. 2011; 63: 465-82. doi: 10.1002/acr.20460.

293. Adiguzel Dundar H, Acari C, Turkucar S, et al. Treatment of systemic JIA: When do we need a biologic? Real world data of a single center. Mod Rheumatol. 2021; 31: 684-90. doi: 10.1080/14397595.2020.1761079.

294. Hinze CH, Foell D, Kessel C. Treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2023; 19: 778-89. doi: 10.1038/s41584-023-01042-z.

295. Vannucci G, Cantarini L, Giani T, et al. Glucocorticoids in the Management of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Pediatr Drugs. 2013; 15: 343-9. doi: 10.1007/s40272-013-0038-0.

296. Grevich S, Shenoi S. Update on the management of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and role of IL-1 and IL-6 inhibition. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2017; 8: 125-35. doi: 10.2147/AHMT.S109495.

297. Jones AP, Clayton D, Nkhoma G, et al. Different corticosteroid induction regimens in children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the SIRJIA mixed-methods feasibility study. Health Technol Assess. 2020; 24: 1 - 152. doi: 10.3310/hta24360.

298. https://neo.barnlakarforeningen.se/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/05/Medical-treatment-of-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis.pdf https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15252213/.

299. Rubin S, Ohana O, Goldberg O, et al. The efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide versus triamcinolone hexacetonide for treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2022; 20: 5. doi: 10.1186/s12969-022-00666-x.

300. Zulian F. Triamcinolone acetonide and hexacetonide intra-articular treatment of symmetrical joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a double-blind trial. Rheumatology. 2004; 43: 1288-91. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh313.

301. Hetland ML, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Junker P, et al. Combination treatment with methotrexate, cyclosporine, and intraarticular betamethasone compared with methotrexate and intraarticular betamethasone in early active rheumatoid arthritis: An investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006; 54: 1401-9. doi: 10.1002/art.21796.

302. Scherer J, Rainsford KD, Kean CA, et al. Pharmacology of intra-articular triamcinolone. Inflammopharmacology. 2014; 22: 201-17. doi: 10.1007/s10787-014-0205-0.

303. Zulian F, Martini G, Gobber D, et al. Comparison of intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide and triamcinolone acetonide in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2003; 42: 1254-9. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg358.

304. Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology. Elsevier 2016.

305. Ferrara G, Mastrangelo G, Barone P, et al. Methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: advice and recommendations from the MARAJIA expert consensus meeting. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2018; 16: 46. doi: 10.1186/s12969-018-0255-8.

306. Ruperto N, Murray KJ, Gerloni V, et al. A randomized trial of parenteral methotrexate comparing an intermediate dose with a higher dose in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who failed to respond to standard doses of methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2004; 50: 2191-201. doi: 10.1002/art.20288.

307. Giannini EH, Brewer EJ, Kuzmina N, et al. Methotrexate in Resistant Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of the U.S.A.-U.S.S.R. Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326: 1043-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199204163261602.

308. Ravelli, A., Migliavacca, D., Viola, S., Ruperto, N., Pistorio, A., & Martini, A. (1999). Efficacy of folinic arid in reducing methotrexate toxicity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 17, 625 - 627.

309. LRI Children's Hospital Paediatric Rheumatology Methotrexate therapy/ url https://secure.library.leicestershospitals.nhs.uk/PAGL/Shared%20Documents/Methotrexate%20Therapy%20in%20Paediatric%20Rheumatology%20UHL%20Childrens%20Hospital%20Guideline.pdf.

310. Niehues T, Lankisch P. Recommendations for the Use of Methotrexate in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Pediatr Drugs. 2006; 8: 347-56. doi: 10.2165/00148581-200608060-00003.

311. Calvo I, , Robledillo JC, et al. Recomendaciones para el uso de metotrexato en pacientes con artritis juvenil. An . 2016; 84: 177.e1 - 177.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2015.05.005.

312. Foeldvari I, Wierk A. Effectiveness of leflunomide in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in clinical practice. J Rheumatol. 2010; 37: 1763-7. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.090874.

313. Ringold S, Angeles-Han ST, Beukelman T, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Systemic Polyarthritis, Sacroiliitis, and Enthesitis. Arthritis Care Res. 2019; 71: 717-34. doi: 10.1002/acr.23870.

314. Harris JG, Kessler EA, Verbsky JW. Update on the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2013; 13: 337-46. doi: 10.1007/s11882-013-0351-2.

315. Kimura Y, Beukelman T, Morgan-DeWitt E, et al. Results from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Systemic JIA Consensus Treatment Plans Pilot Study. ACR Meeting Abstracts. San Francisco, CA 2015.

316. Nigrovic PA. Review: is there a window of opportunity for treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Arthritis Rheumatol Hoboken NJ. 2014; 66: 1405-13. doi: 10.1002/art.38615.

317. Ravelli A, Consolaro A, Horneff G, et al. Treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018; 77: 819-28. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213030.

318. Tarp S, Amarilyo G, Foeldvari I, et al. Efficacy and safety of biological agents for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2016; 55: 669-79. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev382.

319. Yokota S, Itoh Y, Morio T, et al. Tocilizumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a real-world clinical setting: results from 1 year of postmarketing surveillance follow-up of 417 patients in Japan. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016; 75: 1654-60. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207818.

320. Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Ramanan AV, et al. Subcutaneous dosing regimens of tocilizumab in children with systemic or polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2021; 60: 4568-80. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab047.

321. Arthur VL, Shuldiner E, Remmers EF, et al. IL1RN Variation Influences Both Disease Susceptibility and Response to Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Therapy in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol Hoboken NJ. 2018; 70: 1319-30. doi: 10.1002/art.40498.

322. Grom AA, Ilowite NT, Pascual V, et al. Rate and Clinical Presentation of Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treated With Canakinumab. Arthritis Rheumatol Hoboken NJ. 2016; 68: 218-28. doi: 10.1002/art.39407.

323. Nishimura K, Hara R, Umebayashi H, et al. Efficacy and safety of canakinumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: 48-week results from an open-label phase III study in Japanese patients. Mod Rheumatol. 2021; 31: 226-34. doi: 10.1080/14397595.2020.1783163.

324. Mejbri M, Theodoropoulou K, Hofer M, et al. Interleukin-1 Blockade in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Pediatr Drugs. 2020; 22: 251-62. doi: 10.1007/s40272-020-00392-5.

325. Swart JF, Barug D, , et al. The efficacy and safety of interleukin-1-receptor antagonist anakinra in the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2010; 10: 1743-52. doi: 10.1517/14712598.2010.532785.

326. Wallace CA, Giannini EH, Huang B, et al. American College of Rheumatology provisional criteria for defining clinical inactive disease in select categories of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2011; 63: 929-36. doi: 10.1002/acr.20497.

327. Alexeeva EI, Valieva SI, Bzarova TM, et al. Efficacy and safety of repeat courses of rituximab treatment in patients with severe refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2011; 30: 1163-72. doi: 10.1007/s10067-011-1720-7.

328. Feito JG, Pereda CA. Rituximab therapy produced rapid and sustained clinical improvement in a patient with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis refractory to TNF alpha antagonists. J Clin Rheumatol Pract Rep Rheum Musculoskelet Dis. 2009; 15: 363-5. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181ba3c6f.

329. Kaegi C, Wuest B, Schreiner J, et al. Systematic Review of Safety and Efficacy of Rituximab in Treating Immune-Mediated Disorders. Front Immunol. 2019; 10: 1990. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01990.

330. Kearsley-Fleet L, Sampath S, McCann LJ, et al. Use and effectiveness of rituximab in children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a cohort study in the United Kingdom. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2019; 58: 331-5. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key306.

331. , , Juanola X, et al. Rituximab therapy for refractory systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009; 68: 607-8. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.092106.

332. Алексеева Е.И. и др. Эффективность и безопасность длительного применения ритуксимаба у пациентов с системным ювенильным идиопатическим артритом //Вопросы современной педиатрии. - 2013. - Т. 12. - N. 2. - С. 89 - 100.

333. Brunner HI, Ruperto N, Tzaribachev N, et al. Subcutaneous golimumab for children with active polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a multicentre, double-blind, randomised-withdrawal trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018; 77: 21-9. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210456.

334. Lovell DJ, Giannini EH, Reiff A, et al. Etanercept in children with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 763-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200003163421103.

335. Lovell DJ, Ruperto N, Goodman S, et al. Adalimumab with or without methotrexate in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359: 810-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0706290.

336. Otten MH, Anink J, Spronk S, et al. Efficacy of biological agents in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review using indirect comparisons. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013; 72: 1806-12. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201991.

337. PRO-KIND SJIA project collaborators, Hinze CH, Holzinger D, et al. Practice and consensus-based strategies in diagnosing and managing systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Germany. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2018; 16: 7. doi: 10.1186/s12969-018-0224-2.

338. Strand V, Balsa A, Al-Saleh J, et al. Immunogenicity of Biologics in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review. BioDrugs Clin Immunother Biopharm Gene Ther. 2017; 31: 299 - 316. doi: 10.1007/s40259-017-0231-8.

339. Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of different drugs in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024; 103: e38002. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038002.

340. Tarp S, Amarilyo G, Foeldvari I, et al. Efficacy and safety of biological agents for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Rheumatology. 2016; 55: 669-79. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev382.

341. Diener C, Horneff G. Comparison of adverse events of biologicals for treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2019; 18: 719-32. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1632288.

342. Amarilyo G, Tarp S, Foeldvari I, et al. Biological agents in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A meta-analysis of randomized withdrawal trials. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016; 46: 312-8. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.07.001.

343. Okamoto N, Yokota S, Takei S, et al. Clinical practice guidance for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) 2018. Mod Rheumatol. 2019; 29: 41 - 59. doi: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1514724.

344. Prince FHM, Twilt M, Cate RT, et al. Long-term follow-up on effectiveness and safety of etanercept in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the Dutch national register. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009; 68: 635-41. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.087411.

345. Emery P, Fleischmann RM, Moreland LW, et al. Golimumab, a human anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody, injected subcutaneously every four weeks in methotrexate-naive patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: Twenty-four-week results of a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of golimumab before methotrexate as first-line therapy for early-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009; 60: 2272-83. doi: 10.1002/art.24638.

346. Инструкция по применению лекарственного препарата Энбрел ЛП-0021220931121.

347. Инструкция по применению лекарственного препарата Этанерцепт ПСК ЛП-007057-310521.

348. Инструкция по применению лекарственного препарата Эрелзи ЛП-006650-141220.

349. Инструкция по применению лекарственного препарата Энбрел ЛСР-006652/09-050315 с Изменениями N 3.

350. Письмо ФАС от 22.12.2021 N ТН/109573/21 "О формировании документации на закупку лекарственных препаратов с МНН "Этанерцепт."

351. Bergman M, Patel P, Chen N, et al. Evaluation of Adherence and Persistence Differences Between Adalimumab Citrate-Free and Citrate Formulations for Patients with Immune-Mediated Diseases in the United States. Rheumatol Ther. 2021; 8: 109-18. doi: 10.1007/s40744-020-00256-x.

352. Yue X, Huang B, Hincapie AL, et al. Comparative effectiveness and persistence of TNFi and non-TNFi in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a large paediatric rheumatology centre in the USA. Rheumatology. 2021; 60: 4063-73. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa877.

353. Галстян Л.А., Жолобова Е.С., Сучкова Д.В., Чебышева С.Н., Мелешкина А.В. Опыт эффективного долговременного применения адалимумаба в лечении пациента с ранним дебютом ювенильного идиопатического артрита и увеита // Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. - 2020. - N 2. - C. 67 - 71. doi: 10.26442/26586630.2020.2.200233.

354. Fernandez JM, Madsen S, Krase JM, et al. Classification and mitigation of negative injection experiences with biologic medications. Dermatol Ther. 2020; 33: e13240. doi: 10.1111/dth.13240.

355. Houlton S. Benefits and drawbacks of moving to biosimilar medicines. Prescriber. 2019; 30: 13-5. doi: 10.1002/psb.1773.

356. Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Synoverska O, et al. Tofacitinib in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase 3 randomised trial. The Lancet. 2021; 398: 1984-96. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21) 01255-1.

357. Huang Z, Lee PY, Yao X, et al. Tofacitinib Treatment of Refractory Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Pediatrics. 2019; 143: e20182845. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2845.

358. Алексеева Е.И., Крехова Е.А., Криулин И.А., Криулина Т.Ю., Дворяковская Т.М., Исаева К.Б., Чистякова Е.Г., Чомахидзе А.М., Ломакина О.Л., Фетисова А.Н., Чибисова К.В., Цулукия И.Т., Шингарова М.Ш., Ботова М.С., Кондратьева Н.М., Кокина М.Ю., Румянцев М.А. Опыт применения ингибитора янус-киназ упадацитиниба у детей с ревматическими болезнями. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2024; 19(2): 59 - 79. DOI: 10.20953/1817-7646-2024-2-59-79.

359. Nishimura K, Ishikawa T, Okamoto N, et al. Efficacy and safety of abatacept for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review. Mod Rheumatol. 2024; roae046. doi: 10.1093/mr/roae046.

360. Ruperto N, Lovell DJ, Quartier P, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of abatacept in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010; 62: 1792-802. doi: 10.1002/art.27431.

361. Kuemmerle-Deschner J. Abatacept in difficult-to-treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Biol Targets Ther. 2009; 865. doi: 10.2147/BTT.S3355.

362. Lim LSH, Lokku A, Pullenayegum E, et al. Probability of Response in the First Sixteen Weeks After Starting Biologics: An Analysis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Biologics Trials. Arthritis Care Res. 2023; acr. 25003. doi: 10.1002/acr.25003.

363. Баранов А.А., Алексеева Е.И., editors. Ревматические болезни у детей. Москва:: ПедиатрЪ 2016.

364. Henter J-I. Treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with HLH-94 immunochemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 2002; 100: 2367-73. doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0172.

365. Stephan JL. Reactive haemophagocytic syndrome in children with inflammatory disorders. A retrospective study of 24 patients. Rheumatology. 2001; 40: 1285-92. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/40.11.1285.

366. I.A. Kriulin IAK, Kriulin IA, National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, et al. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: mechanisms of development, clinical manifestations, and treatments. Vopr Prakt Pediatr. 2021; 16: 94 - 102. doi: 10.20953/1817-7646-2021-6-94-102.

367. Zhang H, Yang S-W, Fu Y-C, et al. Cytokine storm and targeted therapy in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Immunol Res. 2022; 70: 566-77. doi: 10.1007/s12026-022-09285-w.

368. Криулин И.А., Алексеева Е.И., Шилькрот И.Ю., Дворяковская Т.М. Лечение вторичного гемофагоцитарного синдрома у пациентов с системным ювенильным идиопатическим артритом. Результаты когортного ретроспективного исследования. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2022; 17(5): 7 - 19. DOI: 10.20953/1817-7646-2022-5-7-19.

369. Pelewicz K, Glucocorticoid Withdrawal-An Overview on When and How to Diagnose Adrenal Insufficiency in Clinical Practice. Diagnostics. 2021; 11: 728. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11040728.

370. Alves C, Robazzi TCV, Mendonça M. Withdrawal from glucocorticosteroid therapy: clinical practice recommendations. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008; 84: 192 - 202. doi: 10.2223/JPED.1773.

371. Кузьмина Н.И., Шох Б.П., Никишина И.П. Современный взгляд на системную глюкокортикостероидную терапию при ювенильном ревматоидном артрите //Научно-практическая ревматология. - 2000. - N. 2. - С. 56 - 62.

372. Mouy R, Stephan J-L, Pillet P, et al. Efficacy of cyclosporine A in the treatment of macrophage activation syndrome in juvenile arthritis: Report of five cases. J Pediatr. 1996; 129: 750-4. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(96) 70160-9.

373. Georgiadou S, Gatselis NK, Stefos A, et al. Efficient management of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with intravenous steroids and infusions. World J Clin Cases. 2019; 7: 3394-406. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i21.3394.

374. Sen E.S., Clarke S.L.N., Ramanan A.V. Macrophage activation syndrome //The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. - 2016. - Т. 83. - N. 3. - С. 248 - 253.

375. Papa R, Natoli V, Caorsi R, et al. Successful treatment of refractory hyperferritinemic syndromes with canakinumab: a report of two cases. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2020;18:56. doi: 10.1186/s12969-020-00450-9

376. Bhat CS, Shetty R, Ramesh D, et al. Anakinra in Refractory Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Indian Pediatr. 2021; 58: 994-6. doi: 10.1007/s13312-021-2340-1.

377. Kostik MM, Isupova EA, Belozerov K, et al. Standard and increased canakinumab dosing to quiet macrophage activation syndrome in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Front Pediatr. 2022; 10: 894846. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.894846.

378. Phadke O, Rouster-Stevens K, Giannopoulos H, et al. Intravenous administration of anakinra in children with macrophage activation syndrome. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2021; 19: 98. doi: 10.1186/s12969-021-00585-3.

379. Eloseily EM, Weiser P, Crayne CB, et al. Benefit of Anakinra in Treating Pediatric Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020; 72: 326-34. doi: 10.1002/art.41103.

380. Pal P, Bathia J, Giri PP, et al. Macrophage activation syndrome in pediatrics: 10 years data from an Indian center. Int J Rheum Dis. 2020; 23: 1412-6. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.13915.

381. Wei A, Ma H, Li Z, et al. Short-term effectiveness of ruxolitinib in the treatment of recurrent or refractory hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children. Int J Hematol. 2020; 112: 568-76. doi: 10.1007/s12185-020-02936-4.

382. Kostik MM, Raupov RK, Suspitsin EN, et al. The Safety and Efficacy of Tofacitinib in 24 Cases of Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases: Single Centre Experience. Front Pediatr. 2022; 10: 820586. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.820586.

383. Conde Santa Yarelis, Mendoza Reynaldo, del Toro Ravelo Laydenis , Chia Proenza Daniel. de de como de la artritis juvenil . Rev Cuba Reumatol [Internet]. 2021 Ago [citado 2022 Ago 02]; 23(2): e209. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1817-59962021000200011&lng=es. Epub 01-Ago-2021.

384. Rovin BH, Adler SG, Barratt J, et al. KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. Kidney Int. 2021; 100: S1 - 276. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.021.

385. Alekseeva E, Denisova R, Valieva S, et al. PReS-FINAL-2041: Macrophage activation syndrome in the children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis during the course of tocilizumab. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2013; 11: P54, 1546-0096-11-S2-P54. doi: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-S2-P54.

386. Rao S, Abzug MJ, Carosone-Link P, et al. Intravenous Acyclovir and Renal Dysfunction in Children: A Matched Case Control Study. J Pediatr. 2015; 166: 1462 - 1468. e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.01.023.

387. Kimberlin DW. Acyclovir Dosing in the Neonatal Period and Beyond. J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc. 2013; 2: 179-82. doi: 10.1093/jpids/pis138.

388. Widasmara D, Firdausiya F. Disseminated Herpes Zoster on a Child with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis. Infect Drug Resist. 2021; Volume 14: 2777-85. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S314220.

389. Balfour HH, McMonigal KA, Bean B. Acyclovir therapy of varicella-zoster virus infections in immunocompromised patients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1983; 12: 169-79. doi: 10.1093/jac/12.suppl_B.169.

390. Whitley RJ. Herpes simplex virus in children. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2002; 4: 231-7. doi: 10.1007/s11940-002-0040-2.

391. Antiviral Drugs in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Infect Dis. 2020; 1: 123-8. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1221.

392. Adler SP, Marshall B. Cytomegalovirus Infections.; 11.

393. Lin X, Wan Y, Liu Y. Efficacy of ganciclovir in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in infants and its effect on inflammatory reaction and immune function. Am J Transl Res. 2023; 15: 6514-23.

394. Shim GH. Treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023; 66: 384-94. doi: 10.3345/cep.2022.01032.

395. Zhang S, Zhu Y, Jin Y, et al. Difference between Acyclovir and Ganciclovir in the Treatment of Children with Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Infectious Mononucleosis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021; 2021: 1 - 6. doi: 10.1155/2021/8996934.

396. Chellapandian D, Das R, Zelley K, et al. Treatment of Epstein Barr virus-induced haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with rituximab-containing chemo-immunotherapeutic regimens. Br J Haematol. 2013; 162: 376-82. doi: 10.1111/bjh.12386.

397. Shimizu M, Nakagishi Y, Inoue N, et al. Interleukin-18 for predicting the development of macrophage activation syndrome in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Immunol. 2015; 160: 277-81. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.06.005.

398. Andrews A, Hickling P. Thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid antibody in juvenile chronic arthritis. Lupus. 1997; 6: 556-7. doi: 10.1177/096120339700600616.

399. Thomas KN, Aggarwal A. Childhood rheumatic diseases: bites not only the joint, but also the heart. Clin Rheumatol. 2023; 42: 2703-15. doi: 10.1007/s10067-023-06621-9.

400. Carcillo JA, Shakoory B, Castillo L. Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Macrophage Activation Syndrome, and Hyperferritinemic Sepsis-Induced Multiple-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in the Pediatric ICU. In: Mastropietro CW, Valentine KM, eds. Pediatric Critical Care. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2019: 245-55.

401. Алексеева Е., Валиева С., Бзарова Т., Семикина Е., Исаева К., Лисицин А., Денисова Р., Чистякова Е., Слепцова Т., Митенко Е. Эффективность и безопасность отечественного рекомбинантного человеческого гранулоцитарного колониестимулирующего фактора при нейтропениях, развивающихся на фоне анти-в клеточной и иммуносупрессивной терапии у больных ювенильным ревматоидным артритом. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2010; 9(4): 94 - 100.

402. Yilmaz D., Ritchey A. K. Severe neutropenia in children: a single institutional experience //Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. - 2007. - Т. 29. - N. 8. - С. 513 - 518.

403. Jog NR, Young KA, Munroe ME, et al. Association of Epstein-Barr virus serological reactivation with transitioning to systemic lupus erythematosus in at-risk individuals. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019; 78: 1235-41. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215361.

404. Segel, G.B., & Halterman, J.S. (2008). Neutropenia in pediatric practice. Pediatrics in review, 29(1), 12.

405. Demirkol D, Yildizdas D, Bayrakci B, et al. Hyperferritinemia in the critically ill child with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/sepsis/multiple organ dysfunction syndrome/macrophage activation syndrome: what is the treatment? Crit Care. 2012; 16: R52. doi: 10.1186/cc11256.

406. El-Nawawy A, El-Kinany H, Hamdy El-Sayed M, et al. Intravenous Polyclonal Immunoglobulin Administration to Sepsis Syndrome Patients: A Prospective Study in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. J Trop Pediatr. 2005; 51: 271-8. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmi011.

407. Vassilopoulos A, McCormick W, Lakhani A. Update in Hyperferritinemic Syndromes: Recognition and Management - A Scoping Review. J Brown Hosp Med. 2022; 1. doi: 10.56305/001c.37667.

408. Henter J-I, Horne A, , et al. HLH-2004: Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007; 48: 124-31. doi: 10.1002/pbc.21039.

409. Малахов О.А. и др. Эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава у подростков, больных ювенильным ревматоидным артритом //Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. НН Приорова. - 2012. - N. 1. - С. 48 - 52.

410. Yamamoto EA, Relationships Between Vitamin D, Gut Microbiome, and Systemic Autoimmunity. Front Immunol. 2020; 10: 3141. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03141.

411. Takken T, Van Brussel M, Engelbert RHH, et al. Exercise therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Published Online First: 23 April 2008. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005954.pub2.

412. Hsieh L-F, Mao H-F, Lu C-C, et al. Rheumatologic Rehabilitation. Braddom's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Elsevier 2021: 606 - 626. e1.

413. Luttosch F, Baerwald C. Rehabilitation in der Rheumatologie. Internist. 2010; 51: 1239-45. doi: 10.1007/s00108-010-2626-1.

414. Stucki G, Kroeling P. Physical therapy and rehabilitation in the management of rheumatic disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2000; 14: 751-71. doi: 10.1053/berh.2000.0111.

415. Kuntze G, Nesbitt C, Whittaker JL, et al. Exercise Therapy in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99:178-193.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.05.030

416. Sarac DC, Bayraktar D, Ozer Kaya D, et al. The effects of inspiratory muscle training on cardiorespiratory functions in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024; 59: 562-73. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26783.

417. Elnaggar RK, Elfakharany MS. Aqua-Plyometric Exercises-Induced Changes in Muscle Strength, Bone Mineral Properties, and Physical Fitness in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A 12-Week, Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2023; 35: 198 - 205. doi: 10.1123/pes.2022-0044.

418. Azab AR, Kamel FH, Basha MA, et al. Impact of Clinical Pilates Exercise on Pain, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Functional Ability, and Quality of Life in Children with Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19: 7793. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19137793.

419. Elnaggar RK, Mahmoud WS, Abdelbasset WK, et al. Low-energy laser therapy application on knee joints as an auxiliary treatment in patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a dual-arm randomized clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2021; 37: 1737-46. doi: 10.1007/s10103-021-03427-6.

420. Elnaggar RK, Mahmoud WS, Moawd SA, et al. Impact of core stability exercises on bone mineralization and functional capacity in children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2021; 40: 245-53. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05219-9.

421. Tarakci E, Arman N, Tarakci D, et al. Leap Motion Controller-based training for upper extremity rehabilitation in children and adolescents with physical disabilities: A randomized controlled trial. J Hand Ther. 2020; 33: 220 - 228. e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2019.03.012.

422. Eid MAM, Aly SM, El-Shamy SM. Effect of Electromyographic Biofeedback Training on Pain, Quadriceps Muscle Strength, and Functional Ability in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016; 95: 921-30. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000524.

423. Elnaggar RK, Elshafey MA. Effects of Combined Resistive Underwater Exercises and Interferential Current Therapy in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016; 95: 96 - 102. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000347.

424. Field T, Hernandez-Reif M, Seligmen S, et al. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Benefits from Massage Theraphy. J Pediatr Psychol. 1997; 22: 607-17. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/22.5.607.

425. on behalf of PRINTO Egypt, El Miedany Y, El Gaafary M, et al. Shared decision-making aid for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: moving from informative patient education to interactive critical thinking. Clin Rheumatol. 2019; 38: 3217-25. doi: 10.1007/s10067-019-04687-y.

426. Mulligan K, Hirani SP, Harris S, et al. The Effects of a Web-Based Tool for Parents of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2022; 24: e29787. doi: 10.2196/29787.

427. , Nahuelhual Cares P, San Efectividad de la terapia Watsu en pacientes con artritis juvenil. Un ensayo controlado paralelo, aleatorio y simple ciego. Rev Chil 2019; 90: 282. doi: 10.32641/rchped.v90i3.886.

428. Chausset A, Gominon A-L, Montmaneix N, et al. Why we need a process on breaking news of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: a mixed methods study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2016; 14: 31. doi: 10.1186/s12969-016-0092-6.

429. Scott C, Chan M, Slamang W, et al. Juvenile arthritis management in less resourced countries (JAMLess): consensus recommendations from the Cradle of Humankind. Clin Rheumatol. 2019; 38: 563-75. doi: 10.1007/s10067-018-4304-y.

430. Jansen MHA, Rondaan C, Legger GE, et al. EULAR/PRES recommendations for vaccination of paediatric patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: update 2021. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023; 82: 35 - 47. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222574.

431. Heijstek MW, Ott de Bruin LM, Bijl M, et al. EULAR recommendations for vaccination in paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011; 70: 1704-12. doi: 10.1136/ard.2011.150193.

432. Кокина М.Ю., Фомина Д.С., Лебедкина М.С., Мутовина З.Ю., Жолобова Е.С., Курбанова С.Х., Наргизян А.К., Фетисова А.Н., Анджель А.Е., Дворяковская Т.М., Шилькрот И.Ю., Алексеева Е.И. Эффективность и безопасность применения двухкомпонентного препарата моноклональных антител к SARS-CoV-2 (тиксагевимаб + цилгавимаб) для доконтактной профилактики новой коронавирусной инфекции у иммунокомпрометированных пациентов детского возраста с ревматическими заболеваниями. Предварительные результаты первого в Российской Федерации проспективного наблюдательного когортного исследования. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2023; 18(1): 16 - 26

433. Alexeeva EI, Dvoryakovskaya TM, Denisova RV, et al. Immunization With a Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Without Systemic Manifestations: a Prospective Study. Curr Pediatr. 2017; 16: 493 - 501. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v16i6.1822.

434. Mori S, Ueki Y, Akeda Y, et al. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving tocilizumab therapy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013; 72: 1362-6. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202658.

435. Alekseeva EI, Van'kova DD, Soloshenko MA, et al. Pneumococcal Vaccine in Patients with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Receiving Biologic Therapy: International Practice Review. Curr Pediatr. 2019; 18: 101-8. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v18i2.2012.

436. Novelli, V., & Holzel, H. (1999). Safety and tolerability of fluconazole in children. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 43(8), 1955 - 1960.

437. Garcia-Lloret M, McGhee S, Chatila TA. Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Children. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2008; 28: 833-49. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2008.07.001.

438. Rodriguez MM, Wagner-Weiner L. Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Pediatric Rheumatology: When to Use It and What Is the Evidence. Pediatr Ann. 2017; 46. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20161214-01.

439. Scientific Centre of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Alexeeva EI, Denisova RV, et al. Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Pediatric Rheumatology Practice. Curr Pediatr Vopr Sovrem Pediatr. 2015; 14: 219-23. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v14i2.1290.

440. Mulhearn B, Bruce IN. Indications for IVIG in rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology. 2015; 54: 383-91. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu429.

441. Prasad AN, Chaudhary S. Intravenous immunoglobulin in pediatrics: A review. Med J Armed Forces India. 2014; 70: 277-80. doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2013.05.011.

442. Marco H, Smith RM, Jones RB, et al. The effect of rituximab therapy on immunoglobulin levels in patients with multisystem autoimmune disease. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014; 15: 178. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-178.

443. Barmettler S, Ong M-S, Farmer JR, et al. Association of Immunoglobulin Levels, Infectious Risk, and Mortality With Rituximab and Hypogammaglobulinemia. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1:e184169. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4169

444. Khojah AM, Miller ML, Klein-Gitelman MS, et al. Rituximab-associated Hypogammaglobulinemia in pediatric patients with autoimmune diseases. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2019; 17: 61. doi: 10.1186/s12969-019-0365-y.

445. Gurbanov A, , Botan E, et al. Intravenous Immunoglobulin Use in Pediatric Intensive Care: A Single-Center Experience. 2023.

446. Тепаев Р.Ф. Синдром диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания у детей. Диагностика и лечение. Педиатрическая Фармакология 2010; 7: 27 - 31.

447. Opoka-Winiarska V, Grywalska E, Sobiesiak A, et al. The Impact of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection on Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Activity and Patient's Response to Treatment. J Clin Med. 2020; 9: 3453. doi: 10.3390/jcm9113453.

448. Consolaro A, Giancane G, Alongi A, et al. Phenotypic variability and disparities in treatment and outcomes of childhood arthritis throughout the world: an observational cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019; 3: 255-63. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19) 30027-6.

449. Овсянкина Е.С., Губкина М.Ф., Панова Л.В., Юхименко Н.В. Методы скрининга туберкулезной инфекции у детей и их роль в формировании групп риска и диагностике заболевания. Российский педиатрический журнал. 2017; 20 (2): 108 - 115. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2017-20 (2): 108 - 115.

450. , , , et al. Drug reactions in children with rheumatic diseases receiving parenteral therapies: 9 years' experience of a tertiary pediatric rheumatology center. Rheumatol Int. 2020; 40: 771-6. doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04498-z.

451. Foster HE, Minden K, Clemente D, et al. EULAR/PReS standards and recommendations for the transitional care of young people with juvenile-onset rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017; 76: 639-46. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210112.

452. Allen V, Longley N. Infections in immunosuppressed travellers with autoimmune inflammatory diseases-a narrative review and advice for clinical practice. Rheumatology. 2021; 60: 3969-76. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab445.

453. Whyte LA, Al-Araji RA, McLoughlin LM. Guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis in children in Europe. Arch Dis Child - Educ Pract Ed. 2015; 100: 308-12. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307253.

454. , Roggentin P. Enterale Yersiniosen. Klinische Bedeutung, Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und [Intestinal yersiniosis. Clinical importance, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2004 Jul; 47(7): 685-91.

455. Wiger K., , Wathne K. O. Infections in immunosuppressed children //Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening: Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, ny Raekke. - 2005. - Т. 125. - N. 9. - С. 1168 - 1172.

456. Acebo J. J. et al. Infections in Immunosuppressed Pediatric Patients //Pediatric Surgical Oncology. - Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. - С. 1-34.

457. Society P. I. D. et al. Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Children with and Exposed to HIV //ClinicalInfo. HIV. gov [Internet]. - US Department of Health and Human Services, 2023.

458. Allen UD. Management of infections in the immunocompromised child: General principles. LymphoSign J. 2016;3:87-98. doi: 10.14785/lymphosign-2016-0007.

459. Patrick C. C. Clinical management of infections in immunocompromised infants and children //(No Title). - 2001.

460. Kwiatkowska B, Filipowicz-Sosnowska A. Reactive arthritis. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2009; 119: 60-6. doi: 10.20452/pamw.606.

461. Sierra D, Wood M, Kolli S, et al. Pediatric Gastritis, Gastropathy, and Peptic Ulcer Disease. Pediatr Rev. 2018; 39: 542-9. doi: 10.1542/pir.2017-0234.

462. What's New Adult and Adolescent Opportunistic Infection. AIDSinfo. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/4/adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infection/392/whats-new (accessed 14 Apr 2020).

463. Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients: Overview, Causes of Pneumonia, HIV/AIDS. Published Online First: 26 June 2021.https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/807846-overview#a11.. (accessed 10 Aug 2021).

464. Douglas AP, Smibert OliviaC, Bajel A, et al. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of invasive aspergillosis, 2021. Intern Med J. 2021; 51: 143-76. doi: 10.1111/imj.15591.

465. Islam MdA, Khandker SS, Alam SS, et al. Vitamin D status in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2019; 18: 102392. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102392.

466. Bachrach LK, Ward LM. Clinical Review: Bisphosphonate Use in Childhood Osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94: 400-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-1531.

467. Kutilek S, Plasilova I, Langer J. Ibandronate in the treatment of pediatric osteoporosis. Bone Abstracts. Bioscientifica 2015.

468. Денисова Р., Алексеева Е., Пинелис В., Баканов М., Валиева С., Бзарова Т., Исаева К., Морев С., Кузнецова Г. Эффективность и безопасность ибандроновой кислоты для внутривенного введения при тяжелом системном остеопорозе у больных ювенильным артритом. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2011; 10(6): 83 - 88.

469. Ansell BM, Chamberlain MA. 11 Children with chronic arthritis: the management of transition to adulthood. Clin Rheumatol. 1998; 12: 363-74. doi: 10.1016/S0950-3579(98) 80023-X.

470. Nascimento Leite M, Kamper SJ, O'Connell NE, et al. Physical activity and education about physical activity for chronic musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023; 2023. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013527.pub2.

471. Puxeddu I, Giori L, Rocchi V, et al. Hypersensitivity reactions during treatment with infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012; 108: 123-4. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2011.11.004.